Resource recovery from waste LCD panel by hydrothermal transformation of polarizer into organic acids

Li, Feng; Bai, Lan; He, Wenzhi; Li, Guangming; Huang, Juwen

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.06.015

Cited by 22 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, the major and the most dynamically increasing application-currently using more than half of the produced indium-is the transparent electrode material of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) in liquid crystal display (LCD) panels, [11] which really makes this element indispensable for modern technology. The recovery of indium from the residues of the ITO sputtering targets has already been commonly practised, [12] but the growing masses of the scrap LCD screens may become another important source in the future [13,14]. Secondary indium production can be mainly based on hydrometallurgy [13,15,16], and it may provide the larger part of the required supply.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative efficiency of electrowinning indium from chloride electrolytes

Illés

Kékesi

2022

J Appl Electrochem

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The main characteristics of electrolytic reduction applied to indium recovery from aqueous chloride solutions were considered theoretically and examined experimentally. Also other media were considered for comparison. Potentiodynamic examinations pointed out that chloride electrolytes are superior to sulphuric and nitric acid-based ones for efficient indium deposition. The optimum conditions, allowing higher than 90% cathodic current efficiencies, were determined by galvanostatic experiments. In contrast, similar sulphate electrolytes could only yield lower than 50% efficiencies because of a stronger hydrogen evolution. The galvanostatic results confirmed the findings of the potentiodynamic study. The cathodic polarisation curves revealed the major characteristics of the deposition process, implying a reduction of the electroactive In3+ ions. Coupled processes are the dynamic transformations of complex species and various rates of simultaneous hydrogen evolution. The structure and the elemental composition of the—relatively dense—cathodic deposits were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Various levelling agents were also tested, and gelatine (up to a concentration of 1 g/dm3 in the chloride electrolyte) was found efficient in grain refining. Graphical abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative efficiency of electrowinning indium from chloride electrolytes

Illés

Kékesi

2022

J Appl Electrochem

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“…The currently processed waste materials are mostly the indium-tin-oxide sputtering targets. However other secondary resourcesas the liquid crystal display panelsmay become increasingly important (Li et al, 2015). Secondary indium production is dominated by hydrometallurgy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The possibility of recovering indium metal from acidic solutions by cementation

Illés

Kékesi

2021

MDT

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Indium recycling by a hydrometallurgical method must include the reduction of the dissolved ionic In compound to its metallic state. We have examined the easily implemented cementation of In with Fe, Zn, Mn, Al and Mg. It was found that the cementation with Zn turns slow as the produced layer lacks sufficient porosity to allow the solution to reach the metal surface, and the strongly adhering deposit is hard to be removed. On the other hand, Al may perform efficiently if the pH is set correctly. The indium layer is fast growing, can be easily removed. After mechanical compacting, it is easily melted. The Al consumption is close to the stoichiometric value at pH 1 and the produced indium sponge can be of 99.99% purity.

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“…It has no minerals of its own so that it has to be produced as a by-product of other metallurgical processes. 1,2 The largest end use for indium is in thinfilm coatings as a mixture of 80-90 wt% indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ) and 10-20 wt% tin oxide (SnO 2 ). 3,4 Indium tin oxide (ITO) is an essential raw material in the production of thin-film coatings due to its high electrical conductivity, high transparency and high reflectivity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Removal and Recovery of Indium from ITO Coated Glass and Scraps Using Molten Salt Electrolysis

Cui

Qin

Martínez

et al. 2019

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Indium is an important strategic resource due to the scarcity for the metal. In the present study, molten salt electrolysis is used to reduce indium from ITO coated glass and scraps in order to seek a new way to recycle the value resource. The electrochemical behavior of indium and tin oxides was studied by cyclic voltammetry at 450 °C in molten LiCl-KCl. The reduction peaks were observed in the cathodic scan for In2O3 and SnO2. Constant voltage electrolysis was performed at 1.7 V and 450 °C for ITO. The deposits between ITO layer and the cathode were collected and analyzed by XRD. The reduction reaction occurred at the interface of the oxide pellets and the cathode. Metallic indium and Sn-In alloys were detected after electrolysis. The ITO covered glass was reduced by electrochemical method in molten LiCl-KCl at 450 °C under argon with Mo wire contacting electrode. The findings, together with SEM and EDX analyses, confirmed ITO layer was removed from the glass surface.

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Resource recovery from waste LCD panel by hydrothermal transformation of polarizer into organic acids

Cited by 22 publications

References 39 publications

The relative efficiency of electrowinning indium from chloride electrolytes

The relative efficiency of electrowinning indium from chloride electrolytes

The possibility of recovering indium metal from acidic solutions by cementation

Removal and Recovery of Indium from ITO Coated Glass and Scraps Using Molten Salt Electrolysis

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