Resource recovery of wastewater treatment sludge: synthesis of a magnetic cancrinite adsorbent

Bian, Rui; Zhu, Junna; Chen, Yu; Yu, Yang; Zhu, Suiyi; Zhang, Leilei; Huo, Mingxin

doi:10.1039/c9ra06940b

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The sludge containing a big amount of iron sulphate oxy/hydroxides and iron oxides can sequester through adsorption and coprecipitation of cations and oxyanions ( Kirby et al., 1999 ; Sibrell and Tucker, 2012 ). For example, the combination of Si and Al has been used to synthesize magnetic cancrinite as an adsorbent through some synthesis processes ( Bian et al., 2019 ). However, the produced synthetic AMD sludge could be reused to treat drinking water, wastewater and real AMD and to prepare magnetic adsorbent (e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and reusability suggestions of the sludge generated from a synthetic acid mine drainage treatment using sodium ferrate (VI)

Munyengabe

Zvinowanda

Zvimba

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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Mining activities are the main cause of generation of the voluminous sludge waste, loaded with metals precipitated from the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) and this is always disposed to the landfill. This study aimed at characterizing and suggesting the reusability potential of AMD sludge to reduce the environmental problem caused by its accumulation so that it could become a valuable material. The sludge was obtained after treating a synthetic AMD with a green oxidant sodium ferrate (VI) (Na 2 FeO 4 ) that was prepared by a wet oxidation method. Chemical and physical characterization of a dried sludge generated after treatment was then performed using the Fourier Transform-Infrared and X-Ray powder Diffraction spectroscopy. Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy also served to identify the surface morphology of the sludge. The sludge presented a high weight percentage of Fe and O and lower concentrations of other metals such as Al, Mn, Si, and Na. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms or Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) was used to assess the surface area, pore volume and diameter of the sludge. The BET results showed that the surface area of the sludge obtained after treating the synthetic AMD using Na 2 FeO 4 was 31.50 ± 0.03 m 2 /g with pore diameter and volume of 52.50 nm and 0.41 cm 3 /g, respectively. However, the produced sludge could serve as an adsorbent to remove pollutants from water or to synthesize different magnetic nanocomposites due to its high surface area (>natural zeolite) and high composition of Fe and O.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…: magnetic cancrinite), magnetized multiwall carbon nanotubes, nano-zero valent iron (Fe 0 ), and iron/iron oxide-based nanocomposites (e.g. : α-Fe 2 O 3 –TiO 2 nanocomposite) due to its high composition especially in Fe and O ( Alexandrescu et al., 2010 ; Badi et al., 2015 , 2018 ; Yousefzadeh et al., 2018 ; Bian et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and reusability suggestions of the sludge generated from a synthetic acid mine drainage treatment using sodium ferrate (VI)

Munyengabe

Zvinowanda

Zvimba

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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“…Thus, the hydrolysed SP160 used enough hydroxyl groups for OTC coordination. In addition, sodalite in SP160 had surface functional groups, such as ≡Si–OH and ≡Al–OH 37 , for OTC adsorption. However, it contributed little to OTC removal compared with Fe oxyhydroxide.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upcycling of Fe-bearing sludge: preparation of erdite-bearing particles for treating pharmaceutical manufacture wastewater

Wang

Ning

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Groundwater treatment sludge is a type of solid waste with 9.0-28.9% wt.% Fe content and is precipitated in large quantity from backwash wastewater in groundwater treatment. The sludge is mainly composed of fine particles containing Fe, Si and Al oxides, such as ferrihydrite, quartz and boehmite. The Fe oxides mostly originate from the oxidation of ferrous Fe in groundwater, whilst the silicate/aluminium compounds mainly originate from the broken quartz sand filter in the backwash step. In general, the sludge is firstly coagulated, dewatered by filter pressing and finally undergoes harmless solidification before it is sent to landfills. However, this process is costly (approximately US$66.1/t) and complicated. In this study, groundwater treatment sludge was effectively recycled to prepare novel erdite-bearing particles via a one-step hydrothermal method by adding only na 2 S•9H 2 O. After hydrothermal treatment, the quartz and boehmite of the sludge were dissolved and recrystallised to sodalite, whilst ferrihydrite was converted to an erdite nanorod at 160 °C and a hematite at 240 °C. SP160 was prepared as fine nanorod particles with 200 nm diameter and 2-5 μm length at a hydrothermal temperature of 160 °C. Nearly 100% OTC and its derivatives in pharmaceutical manufacture wastewater were removed by adding 0.1 g SP160. The major mechanism for the removal was the spontaneous hydrolysis of erdite in SP160 to generate Fe oxyhydroxide and use many hydroxyl groups for coordinating OTC and its derivatives. This study presents a novel method for the resource reutilisation of waste groundwater treatment sludge and reports efficient erdite-bearing particles for pharmaceutical manufacture wastewater treatment. Fe-bearing sludge is common in the metallurgical and chemical industries 1-3. Sludge contains 6.2-33.6% Fe, in the form of ferrihydrite, hematite, magnetite and andradite, and impurity minerals, such as quartz, muscovite, albite and boehmite 1,4. In China, tons of sludge are dumped and uncovered in massive piles 2. When rain occurs, Fe may leach and contaminate the soil and nearby surface water 5. Through strict environmental regulations, sludge is commonly dewatered and solidified before it is transferred to a safety landfill, but this process is costly and complicated 2,6-8. Resource reutilisation of sludge is an alternative strategy to reduce pollution and disposal cost. Many approaches have been developed to recycle sludge as a building material 9 , catalyst 10 and adsorbent 3,4,6,11. Amongst these approaches, the conversion of sludge to adsorbent is the most effective and simple, and the produced adsorbents are widely used in the adsorption of heavy metals 4,6,12 and cationic organics 1,3,11,13,14. For instance, groundwater treatment sludge and flocculent iron mud are rich in ferrihydrite and are directly applied to adsorb heavy metals, such as Cu and Zn 15. Ferrihydrite is effectively converted to maghemite and magnetite via hydrothermal route or calcination with the addition of a reductant, such as glycol 11 an...

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“…Accordingly, magnetic species such as magnetite, maghemite, and jacobsite, were crystallized in the hydrothermal system. Therefore, the treated sludge showed well magnetic response and can be easily separated from wastewater in a magnetic field 10 , 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

A facile calcination conversion of groundwater treatment sludge (GTS) as magnetic adsorbent for oxytetracycline adsorption

Khan

Huo

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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In this paper, groundwater treatment sludge (GTS) was recycled as a magnetic adsorbent via a facile calcination process without adding any reductant. The prepared magnetic adsorbents (MAs) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnenometer (VSM) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The results showed that GTS comprised 33.2% Fe, 1.4% Al and 6.2% Si, and exhibited a weak saturation magnetization of 0.0008 emu/g. Without NaOH, the GTS calcinated at 700 and 500 °C were well magnetized with Ms of 20.1 and 7.1 emu/g, separately, but exhibited a low Ms of 0.43 emu/g at 300 °C. By adding NaOH powder, the Ms of GTS apparently increased to 4.9 emu/g after calcination at 300 °C, and further to 8.5 emu/g at 500 °C. In GTS, about 96.1% Fe was involved in ferrihydrite form. The Ms of calcinated GTS was accompanied with the phase transformation of ferrihydrite to maghemite. Si/Al oxides in GTS coordinated on the surface sites of ferrihydrite and inhibited the conjunction and phase transformation of adjacent ferrihydrite particles, but were effectively desorbed as in the presence of NaOH. Na500, preparing by calcinating GTS at 500 °C with NaOH, showed an optimal total surface sites (Hs) of 0.65 mmol/g. Oxytetracycline (OTC) was used as a target for studying the adsorption characteristics of synthetic magnetic adsorbents and a high adsorption capacity of oxytetracycline of 862.1 mg/g in comparison with the other calcinated GTS, and the adsorption data was consistent with the Langmuir model. By adding 6 g/L Na-500, approximately 100% of oxytetracycline and tetracycline and nearly 40% total organic carbon were removed from real pharmaceutical wastewater. With the method, GTS can be converted in mass production to magnetic adsorbent that exhibits effective application in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.

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Resource recovery of wastewater treatment sludge: synthesis of a magnetic cancrinite adsorbent

Abstract: Water treatment sludge was directly converted into magnetic spherical sodalite and dendritic cancrinite particles, separately. These particles were efficient in tetracycline adsorption.

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Characterization and reusability suggestions of the sludge generated from a synthetic acid mine drainage treatment using sodium ferrate (VI)

Characterization and reusability suggestions of the sludge generated from a synthetic acid mine drainage treatment using sodium ferrate (VI)

Upcycling of Fe-bearing sludge: preparation of erdite-bearing particles for treating pharmaceutical manufacture wastewater

A facile calcination conversion of groundwater treatment sludge (GTS) as magnetic adsorbent for oxytetracycline adsorption

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