Resource stoichiometry elucidates the structure and function of arbuscular mycorrhizas across scales

Johnson, Nancy Collins

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03110.x

Cited by 777 publications

(691 citation statements)

References 162 publications

(305 reference statements)

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“…We propose that the reason is related to the balance of trade between plants and fungi. Plants exchange carbon for fungal phosphorus and nitrogen (22,26). Tissue N:P ratios in our experiment indicate that AM symbioses completely satisfy the phosphorus requirements of A. gerardii grown in Fermi and Konza soil, but they do not completely satisfy the nitrogen requirements of plants grown in Cedar Creek soil.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

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Resource limitation is a driver of local adaptation in mycorrhizal symbioses

Johnson

Wilson

Bowker

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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609

554

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Symbioses may be important mechanisms of plant adaptation to their environment. We conducted a reciprocal inoculation experiment to test the hypothesis that soil fertility is a key driver of local adaptation in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses. Ecotypes ofAndropogon gerardiifrom phosphorus-limited and nitrogen-limited grasslands were grown with all possible “home and away” combinations of soils and AM fungal communities. Our results indicate thatAndropogonecotypes adapt to their local soil and indigenous AM fungal communities such that mycorrhizal exchange of the most limiting resource is maximized. Grasses grown in home soil and inoculated with home AM fungi produced more arbuscules (symbiotic exchange structures) in their roots than those grown in away combinations. Also, regardless of the host ecotype, AM fungi produced more extraradical hyphae in their home soil, and locally adapted AM fungi were, therefore, able to sequester more carbon compared with nonlocal fungi. Locally adapted mycorrhizal associations were more mutualistic in the two phosphorus-limited sites and less parasitic at the nitrogen-limited site compared with novel combinations of plants, fungi, and soils. To our knowledge, these findings provide the strongest evidence to date that resource availability generates evolved geographic structure in symbioses among plants and soil organisms. Thus, edaphic origin of AM fungi should be considered when managing for their benefits in agriculture, ecosystem restoration, and soil-carbon sequestration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Many studies have linked AM function to phosphorus availability (5,22). Although AM fungi also deliver nitrogen to their host plants (23,24), the importance of this to plant fitness is not well-established (25,26). The purpose of our study was to test three hypotheses: To whom correspondence should be addressed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource limitation is a driver of local adaptation in mycorrhizal symbioses

Johnson

Wilson

Bowker

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

609

554

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, not all plants appear to be capable of sufficiently reducing allocation to poor mutualists; AMF can parasitize plants (Hoeksema et al 2010), especially in phosphorus-rich environments (Johnson 2010). In this study, I show that plant species differ in the degree to which they adjust allocation to non-beneficial AMF in phosphorus-rich conditions and, accordingly, whether they experience parasitism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Plants often benefit from association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), especially when soil nutrients are scarce (Hoeksema et al 2010). However, when phosphorus is abundant, plants may receive little or no benefit from the symbiosis, so AMF are not plant mutualists and the interaction functions as a commensalism or a parasitism (Johnson et al 1997, Johnson 2010. Similarly, when light is scarce, AMF are less likely to benefit plants (Johnson 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant species differ in their ability to reduce allocation to non‐beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Grman

2012

Ecology

140

118

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Abstract. Theory suggests that cheaters threaten the persistence of mutualisms, but that sanctions to prevent cheating can stabilize mutualisms. In the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, reports of parasitism suggest that reductions in plant carbon allocation are not universally effective. I asked whether plant species differences in mycorrhizal responsiveness would affect both their susceptibility to parasitism and their reduction in allocation to nonbeneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in high-phosphorus soils. In a greenhouse experiment, I found that two C 3 grasses, Bromus inermis and Elymus repens, effectively suppressed root colonization and AMF hyphal abundance. Increases in soil phosphorus did not reduce the degree to which AMF increased plant biomass. In contrast, two C 4 grasses, Andropogon gerardii and Schizachyrium scoparium, more weakly reduced root colonization and failed to suppress AMF hyphal abundance. Consequently, they experienced strong declines in their response to AMF, and one species suffered parasitism. Thus, species differ in susceptibility to parasitism and their reduction in allocation to non-beneficial AMF. These differences may affect the distribution and abundance of plants and AMF, as well as the stability of the mutualism.

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“…On the other hand, the stoichiometry in the soil environment of required nutrients (i.e. C, N and P) also influence the benefit from arbuscular mycorrhizas (Chen et al 2010;Johnson 2010). In the experiments reported here, the nutrient solution composition influenced the AM colonization rates and AM plant growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of arbuscular mycorrhiza-inducible Nitrate Transporter 1/Peptide Transporter Family (NPF) genes in rice

Drechsler¹,

Courty²,

Brulé³

et al. 2017

Mycorrhiza

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonize up to 90% of all land plants and facilitate the acquisition of mineral nutrients by their hosts. Inorganic orthophosphate (P i ) and nitrogen (N) are the major nutrients transferred from the fungi to plants. While plant P i transporters involved in nutrient transfer at the plant-fungal interface have been well studied, the plant N transporters participating in this process are largely unknown except for some ammonium transporters (AMT) specifically assigned to arbuscule-colonized cortical cells. In plants, many nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family (NPF) members are involved in the translocation of nitrogenous compounds including nitrate, amino acids, peptides and plant hormones. Whether NPF members respond to AMF colonization, however, is not yet known. Here, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of 82 rice (Oryza sativa) NPF genes in response to colonization by the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis in roots of plants grown under five different nutrition regimes. Expression of the four OsNPF genes NPF2.2/ PTR2, NPF1.3, NPF6.4 and NPF4.12 was strongly induced in mycorrhizal roots and depended on the composition of the fertilizer solution, nominating them as interesting candidates for nutrient signaling and exchange processes at the plantfungal interface.

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Resource stoichiometry elucidates the structure and function of arbuscular mycorrhizas across scales

Cited by 777 publications

References 162 publications

Resource limitation is a driver of local adaptation in mycorrhizal symbioses

Resource limitation is a driver of local adaptation in mycorrhizal symbioses

Plant species differ in their ability to reduce allocation to non‐beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Identification of arbuscular mycorrhiza-inducible Nitrate Transporter 1/Peptide Transporter Family (NPF) genes in rice

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