Resource Use Efficiencies of C3 and C4 Cereals under Split Nitrogen Regimes

Abstract

Abstract:Resources are limited, thus improving resource use efficiency is a key objective for cereal-based cropping systems. This field study was carried out to quantify resource use efficiencies in selected C 3 and C 4 cereals under split nitrogen (N) application regimes. The study included the following treatments: six cereals (three C 3 : wheat, oat, and barley; and three C 4 : maize, millet, and sorghum) and four split N application regimes (NS 1 = full amount of N at sowing; NS 2 = half N at sowing + half N at first irrigation; NS 3 = Results revealed that C 4 cereals out-yielded C 3 cereals in terms of biomass production, grain yield, and resource use efficiencies (i.e., radiation use efficiency (RUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)), while splitting N into three applications proved to be a better strategy for all of the selected winter and summer cereals. The results suggest that C 4 cereals should be added into existing cereal-based cropping systems and N application done in three installments to boost productivity and higher resource use efficiency to ensure food security for the burgeoning population.

Productivity of sorghum (Sorghum bicolar L.) at diverse irrigation regimes and sowing dates in semi-arid and arid environment

“…Narayanan (2007) concluded that sorghum loses its physiological activity under water scarcity during the vegetative phase (before flowering) without significantly reducing the yield. The water stress in the early stage of grain sorghum has a much greater inhibitory effect on grain yield than in other phases and stages (Abbas et al, 2020;Ahmad et al, 2012Ahmad et al, , 2015Fatima et al, 2018). After flowering, stress shortens the period of grain filling, which reduces the size and seed number and leads to reduced yield or even a complete crop failure (Mkhabela, 1995;Naz et al, 2022).…”

“…There are few published reports on the effect of sowing time on the phenology of sorghum varieties and grain yield under different irrigation conditions and different environments (Chapman et al, 2000;Fatima et al, 2018Fatima et al, , 2020Shahzad and Ahmad, 2019;Koláčková et al, 2020). Therefore, this research focused on evaluating the response of sorghum cultivars to different irrigation regimes and planting dates under the agroecological conditions of semi-arid at Sahiwal and arid at Multan in Punjab province, Pakistan.…”

Rendimiento de forraje de avena variedad Chihuahua

“…Wilson et al (2018) demostraron que el mayor rendimiento para avena variedad Turquesa se obtuvo a los 112 días después de la siembra con 6 702 kg ha -1 en estado lechoso-masoso. Zartash et al 2018, reportaron aproximadamente 5 000 kg ha -1 a los 160 días después de la siembra. Se reportaron 6 074 kg ha -1 de rendimiento en grano de avena Chihuahua a los 164 días después de la emergencia en el ciclo verano-otoño (Hernández-Campuzano et al, 2018).…”

“…Lo anterior, confirma que la mayor cantidad de biomasa se obtiene en etapas anteriores a la madurez fisiológica. En cereales de invierno, justamente antes de la antesis, se alcanza el mayor índice de área foliar (Zartash et al, 2018). Da Silva y Hernández-Garay (2010), reportaron que, en pastos tropicales y templados, el punto óptimo de cosecha se alcanza con una RI de 95 moles de fotones interceptados (100 moles de fotones incidentes) -1 .…”

“…La falta de forraje durante el invierno constituye uno de los problemas más severos de los productores de leche y carne con sistema de producción en pastoreo. El forraje de Avena sativa L. tiene un buen rendimiento y valor nutritivo (Mamani y Cotacallapa, 2018), y se usa como un cultivo de invierno (Zartash et al, 2018).…”