Resources for mental lexicon research: A delicate ecosystem

Keuleers, Emmanuel; Marelli, Marco

doi:10.1515/9783110440577-005

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…For each prime and for each target, we computed their length (i.e., the number of letters in the letter string) and, as a measure of orthographic neighborhood (hence OrthoNeigh), we computed its OLD20 (i.e., the average OrthoDist between the letter string and its 20 closer neighbors; Yarkoni et al, 2008). In particular, the OrthoNeigh was computed using the vwr R package (Keuleers, 2013) and, to select the possible neighbors, we considered the 15,000 1 most frequent words in SUBTLEX-us (Brysbaert & New, 2009). The inclusion of these covariates ensures that our effects are not trivially determined by the orthographic overlap between prime and target.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in Experiment 1, for each prime–target pair we computed the OrthoDist using the stringdist R package (van der Loo, 2014). For each prime and target, we also computed its length, OrthoNeigh with the vwr R package (Keuleers, 2013), and, for each target, SNeigh. In this case, we used the 15,000 most frequent words in the Italian SUBTLEX (http://crr.ugent.be/subtlex-it/).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Out-of-vocabulary but not meaningless: Evidence for semantic-priming effects in pseudoword processing.

Gatti¹,

Marelli²,

Rinaldi³

2023

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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Nonarbitrary phenomena in language, such as systematic association in the form–meaning interface, have been widely reported in the literature. Exploiting such systematic associations previous studies have demonstrated that pseudowords can be indicative of meaning. However, whether semantic activation from words and pseudowords is supported by the very same processes, activating a common semantic memory system, is currently not known. Here, we take advantage of recent progresses from computational linguistics models allowing to induce meaning representations for out-of-vocabulary strings of letters via domain-general associative-learning mechanisms applied to natural language. We combined these models with data from priming tasks, in which participants are showed two strings of letters presented sequentially one after the other and are then asked to indicate if the latter is a word or a pseudoword. In Experiment 1 we reanalyzed the data of the largest behavioral database on semantic priming, while in Experiment 2 we ran an independent replication on a new language, Italian, controlling for a series of possible confounds. Results were consistent across the two experiments and showed that the prime-word meaning interferes with the semantic pattern elicited by the target pseudoword (i.e., at increasing estimated semantic relatedness between prime word and target pseudoword, participants’ reaction times increased and accuracy decreased). These findings indicate that the same associative mechanisms governing word meaning also subserve the processing of pseudowords, suggesting in turn that human semantic memory can be conceived as a distributional system that builds upon a general-purpose capacity of extracting knowledge from complex statistical patterns.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out-of-vocabulary but not meaningless: Evidence for semantic-priming effects in pseudoword processing.

Gatti¹,

Marelli²,

Rinaldi³

2023

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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“…It has been shown that words with a large number of phonological neighbors are articulated with shorter durations than words with a small number of phonological neighbors (Gahl et al, 2012), for example. In this study, we calculated phonological neighborhood density based on the dictionary form of the word, by counting the words that differ in one segment from the word in question, using the R-package vwr (Keuleers, 2013). Neighborhood density varied between 1 and 30 (mean = 9.3, median = 8) for the words in our data set.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic Effects in Estonian Spontaneous Speech

et al. 2022

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Recent evidence indicates that a word’s paradigmatic neighbors affect production. However, these findings have mostly been obtained in careful laboratory settings using words in isolation, and thus ignoring potential effects that may arise from the syntagmatic context, which is typically present in spontaneous speech. The current corpus analysis investigates paradigmatic and syntagmatic effects in Estonian spontaneous speech. Following work on English, we focus on the duration of inflected and uninflected word-final /-s/ in content words, while simultaneously investigating whole words. Our analyses reveal three points. First, we find an effect of realized inflectional paradigm size, such that smaller paradigms actively used by the speakers lead to longer durations. Second, higher conditional probability is associated with shorter word forms and shorter segments. Finally, we do not directly replicate previous work on effects of inflectional status as in English word-final /-s/. Instead, we find that inflectional status interacts with conditional probability. We discuss the results in light of models of speech production and how they account for morphologically complex words and their paradigmatic neighbors.

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“…As a result, there were insufficient candidates in the LF-HF category to proceed ( n = 18) and this subset was dropped before matching. OLD20 estimates ( Yarkoni et al, 2008 ) were calculated for the remaining possible targets based on each of the corpora, using the OLD20 function in version 0.3 of the vwr package ( Keuleers, 2013 ). The OLD20 values from the SUBTLEX-CY and CEG corpora were very strongly correlated for words (ρ = .98).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SUBTLEX-CY: A new word frequency database for Welsh

van Heuven,

Payne,

Jones

2023

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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We present SUBTLEX-CY, a new word frequency database created from a 32-million-word corpus of Welsh television subtitles. An experiment comprising a lexical decision task examined SUBTLEX-CY frequency estimates against words with inconsistent frequencies in a much smaller Welsh corpus that is often used by researchers, the Cronfa Electroneg o’r Gymraeg (CEG), and three other Welsh word frequency databases. Words were selected that were classified as low frequency (LF) in SUBTLEX-CY and high frequency (HF) in CEG and compared with words that were classified as medium frequency (MF) in both SUBTLEX-CY and CEG. Reaction time analyses showed that HF words in CEG were responded to more slowly compared to MF words, suggesting that SUBTLEX-CY corpus provides a more reliable estimate of Welsh word frequencies. The new Welsh word frequency database that also includes part-of-speech, contextual diversity, and other lexical information is freely available for research purposes on the Open Science Framework repository at https://osf.io/9gkqm/ .

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Resources for mental lexicon research: A delicate ecosystem

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Out-of-vocabulary but not meaningless: Evidence for semantic-priming effects in pseudoword processing.

Out-of-vocabulary but not meaningless: Evidence for semantic-priming effects in pseudoword processing.

Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic Effects in Estonian Spontaneous Speech

SUBTLEX-CY: A new word frequency database for Welsh

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