Resources of modern radiation diagnostics of sarcoidosis (review)

Abstract

Introduction. Sarcoidosis is a significant social and medical problem. Diagnosis is based on consistency of the clinical picture, histological evidence of granulomatous inflammation, exclusion of alternative diseases, and evidence of systemic involvement. There is no “gold” diagnostic standard for sarcoidosis. Aim. Review of the latest world literature data on the possibilities of modern radiation diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Materials and methods. The review summarizes data from literature published mainly over the past five years in PubMed and eLibrary. Earlier publications were also included as necessary. Results. In the literature review, modern medical imaging methods used to diagnose sarcoidosis, which in some cases can avoid biopsy, are considered. First of all, these are X-ray methods. Today, high-resolution multispiral computed tomography with three-dimensional imaging, as the method with the highest sensitivity, plays a decisive role in the diagnosis and monitoring of sarcoidosis. The use of magnetic resonance imaging and low-dose computed tomography is not well understood in patients with sarcoidosis. Quantitative computed tomography and radiomics techniques have only been partially tested in sarcoidosis. Conclusion. The imaging of sarcoidosis is the subject of a large number of publications that provide detailed descriptions of X-ray and computed tomography techniques. Nevertheless, despite the introduction of new computerized tools for the analysis of chest imaging, traditional X-ray techniques still remain an important role in both the diagnostic and prognostic assessment of changes characteristic of sarcoidosis