“…This results in a host of damaging side effects. Several papers in the special issue devote considerable attention to these consequences—ranging from exacerbation of inequity and demoralization of professionals to ethic corruption and stifled creativity—which they refer to as “collateral damage,” “unintended consequences,” “washback effects,” or more mildly “paradoxes” (see Beghetto, 2019; Emler, Zhao, Deng, Yin, & Wang, 2019; Yuan & Zhao, 2019; Zhao, Wehmeyer, Basham, & Hanse, 2019). In this context, the special issue invites a more fundamental rethinking of LSAs that goes beyond the cognitive skills (e.g., literacy and numeracy) in order to measure a broader range of learning capabilities referred to as noncognitive skills or 21st-century skills (e.g., innovations skills, entrepreneurial skills, happiness, physical well-being, self-determination, social–emotional well-being, resilience, grit, communication skills, and collaboration skills; see Rappleye, Komatsu, Uchida, Krys, & Markus, 2019 for a critique of this shift to the noncognitive).…”