Respirable particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at two Polish fire stations

Rogula–Kozłowska, Wioletta; Bralewska, Karolina; Rogula-Kopiec, Patrycja; Makowski, Radosław; Majder–Łopatka, Małgorzata; Łukawski, Aleksander; Brandyk, Andrzej; Majewski, Grzegorz

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107255

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the present study, the main contributors to ΣOHPAHs were 1-OHNaph+1-OHAce, which parent compounds have been identified as the most abundant in indoor air at Portuguese fire stations ( 98 ). Moreover, at Polish fire stations, the highest naphthalene and acenaphthene air concentrations were found in the garage and changing rooms areas ( 103 ). Indeed, the combustion of diesel and gasoline, and the evaporation/sublimation of, crude oil, petroleum products, pest repellent, deodorant, and air fresheners have been identified as sources of naphthalene ( 104 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseline data and associations between urinary biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, blood pressure, hemogram, and lifestyle among wildland firefighters

Barros,

Paiva,

Oliveira

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionAvailable literature has found an association between firefighting and pathologic pathways leading to cardiorespiratory diseases, which have been linked with exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are highlighted as priority pollutants by the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative in occupational and non-occupational contexts.MethodsThis cross-sectional study is the first to simultaneously characterize six creatinine-adjusted PAHs metabolites (OHPAHs) in urine, blood pressure, cardiac frequency, and hemogram parameters among wildland firefighters without occupational exposure to fire emissions (> 7 days), while exploring several variables retrieved via questionnaires.ResultsOverall, baseline levels for total OHPAHs levels were 2 to 23-times superior to the general population, whereas individual metabolites remained below the general population median range (except for 1-hydroxynaphthalene+1-hydroxyacenaphtene). Exposure to gaseous pollutants and/or particulate matter during work-shift was associated with a 3.5-fold increase in total OHPAHs levels. Firefighters who smoke presented 3-times higher total concentration of OHPAHs than non-smokers (p < 0.001); non-smoker females presented 2-fold lower total OHPAHs (p = 0.049) than males. 1-hydroxypyrene was below the recommended occupational biological exposure value (2.5 μg/L), and the metabolite of carcinogenic PAH (benzo(a)pyrene) was not detected. Blood pressure was above 120/80 mmHg in 71% of subjects. Firefighters from the permanent intervention team presented significantly increased systolic pressure than those who performed other functions (p = 0.034). Tobacco consumption was significantly associated with higher basophils (p = 0.01–0.02) and hematocrit (p = 0.03). No association between OHPAHs and blood pressure was found. OHPAHs concentrations were positively correlated with monocyte, basophils, large immune cells, atypical lymphocytes, and mean corpuscular volume, which were stronger among smokers. Nevertheless, inverse associations were observed between fluorene and pyrene metabolites with neutrophils and eosinophils, respectively, in non-smokers. Hemogram was negatively affected by overworking and lower physical activity.ConclusionThis study suggests possible associations between urinary PAHs metabolites and health parameters in firefighters, that should be further assessed in larger groups.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseline data and associations between urinary biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, blood pressure, hemogram, and lifestyle among wildland firefighters

Barros,

Paiva,

Oliveira

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The seasonal differences observed in office buildings may occur due to the gaseous/particles phase distribution of PAHs at different temperatures and various outdoor pollution sources via window opening or ventilator operation [ 102 ]. The highest concentration level (550–39,000 ng/m 3 ) was observed in fire stations, ships, and Chinese kitchens [ 83 , 84 , 104 ]. Smoke originating from fires contains a large number of PM-bound PAHs, which could be adsorbed onto the helmets and clothes of firefighters and transported to fire stations [ 104 ].…”

Section: Concentrations Of Atmospheric Pm-bound Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest concentration level (550–39,000 ng/m 3 ) was observed in fire stations, ships, and Chinese kitchens [ 83 , 84 , 104 ]. Smoke originating from fires contains a large number of PM-bound PAHs, which could be adsorbed onto the helmets and clothes of firefighters and transported to fire stations [ 104 ]. The high concentrations observed in ships and Chinese kitchens determine the personal exposure levels of seafarers and Chinese kitchen workers ( Section 2.1 ), respectively, because of engine fuel combustion and cooking, respectively [ 83 , 84 ].…”

Section: Concentrations Of Atmospheric Pm-bound Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Atmospheric Particulate Matter-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Health Effects: A Review

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Particulate matter (PM) is a major factor contributing to air quality deterioration that enters the atmosphere as a consequence of various natural and anthropogenic activities. In PM, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a class of organic chemicals with at least two aromatic rings that are mainly directly emitted via the incomplete combustion of various organic materials. Numerous toxicological and epidemiological studies have proven adverse links between exposure to particulate matter-bound (PM-bound) PAHs and human health due to their carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Among human exposure routes, inhalation is the main pathway regarding PM-bound PAHs in the atmosphere. Moreover, the concentrations of PM-bound PAHs differ among people, microenvironments and areas. Hence, understanding the behaviour of PM-bound PAHs in the atmosphere is crucial. However, because current techniques hardly monitor PAHs in real-time, timely feedback on PAHs including the characteristics of their concentration and composition, is not obtained via real-time analysis methods. Therefore, in this review, we summarize personal exposure, and indoor and outdoor PM-bound PAH concentrations for different participants, spaces, and cities worldwide in recent years. The main aims are to clarify the characteristics of PM-bound PAHs under different exposure conditions, in addition to the health effects and assessment methods of PAHs.

show abstract

“…Notwithstanding, few studies have focused on the biological impact of occupational exposure to PM on firefighters’ health [ 2 ]. So far, limited research exists regarding the assessment of firefighters’ occupational exposure to PM at fire stations [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], and up to date, none have studied its impact on effect biomarkers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Firefighters’ Occupational Exposure in Preparation for Wildfire Season: Addressing Biological Impact

Esteves,

Slezakova,

Madureira

et al. 2024

Toxics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The characterization of wildland firefighters’ occupational exposure must consider different exposures, including those at the fire station. The present study aimed to characterize the occupational exposure of 172 Northern Portuguese wildland firefighters in fire stations during the pre-wildfire season of 2021. The biological impact of estimated inhaled doses of PM10 and PM2.5 (indoor/outdoor) was accessed through a buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay in exfoliated buccal cells of a subgroup of 80 firefighters. No significant association was found between estimated inhaled doses of PM10 and PM2.5 (mean 1.73 ± 0.43 µg kg−1 and 0.53 ± 0.21 µg kg−1, respectively) and biological endpoints. However, increased frequencies of cell death parameters were found among subjects of the Permanent Intervention Teams (full-time firefighters). The intake of nutritional supplements was associated with a significant decrease in micronucleus frequencies (i.e., DNA damage or chromosome breakage). In addition, our findings showed a significantly increased frequency of cell death endpoints (i.e., nuclear fragmentation) with coffee consumption, while daily consumption of vegetables significantly decreased it (i.e., nuclear shrinkage). Our results provide data on the occupational exposure of wildland firefighters while working in fire stations during the pre-wildfire season, providing the essential baseline for further studies throughout the wildfire season.

show abstract

Respirable particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at two Polish fire stations

Cited by 21 publications

References 56 publications

Baseline data and associations between urinary biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, blood pressure, hemogram, and lifestyle among wildland firefighters

Baseline data and associations between urinary biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, blood pressure, hemogram, and lifestyle among wildland firefighters

Exposure to Atmospheric Particulate Matter-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Health Effects: A Review

Firefighters’ Occupational Exposure in Preparation for Wildfire Season: Addressing Biological Impact

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About