Respiration and Phosphorylation of Bacteria

This paper describes experiments conducted with membranous and soluble fractions obtained from Escherichia coli that had been grown on succinate, malate, or enriched glucose media. Oxidase and dehydrogenase activities were studied with the following substrates : nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form (NADH), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form (NADPH), succinate, malate, isocitrate, glutamate, pyruvate, and a-ketoglutarate . Respiration was virtually insensitive to poisons that are commonly used to inhibit mitochondrial systems, namely, rotenone, antimycin, and azide . Succinate dehydrogenase and NADH, NADPH, and succinate oxidases were primarily membrane-bound whereas malate, isocitrate, and NADH dehydrogenases were predominantly soluble . It was observed that E. coli malate dehydrogenase could be assayed with the dye 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol, but that porcine malate dehydrogenase activity could not be assayed, even in the presence of E . coli extracts. The characteristics of E. coli NADH dehydrogenase were shown to be markedly different from those of a mammalian enzyme . The enzyme activities for oxidation of Krebs cycle intermediates (malate, succinate, isocitrate) did not appear to be under coordinate genetic control .

show abstract

“…coli and higher organisms are quite striking . The reported cytochromes are entirely different (21) . P/O ratios observed in E .…”

Section: On the Presence Of High Levels Of Oxidativementioning

confidence: 87%

RESPIRATION AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI MEMBRANE-ENVELOPE FRAGMENTS

Hendler

Burgess

Scharff

1969

The Journal of Cell Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The respiratory systems of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms are usually highly sensitive to inhibition by cyanide (Gel'man, Lukoyanova & Ostrovskii, 1967;Slater, 1967). In contrast, respiration in some plant and eukaryotic micro-organisms has been found to be cyanide insensitive (von Jagow & Klingenberg, 1970; Bendall & Bonner, 1971;Lambowitz & Slayman, 1971; Ray & Cross, 1972;Downie & Garland, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Respiratory System of Chromobacterium violaceum Grown under Conditions of High and Low Cyanide Evolution

Niven¹,

Collins²,

Knowles³

1975

Journal of General Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe particulate fraction of disrupted Chromobacterium violaceum grown under cyanide-evolving conditions was unable to oxidize ascorbate plus N, N, ","-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD), but oxidized NADH and succinate by a linear respiratory pathway which was very resistant to inhibition by cyanide. When the bacteria were grown under conditions where little cyanide evolution occurred, particulate fractions developed the ability to oxidize ascorbate-TMPD by a pathway highly sensitive to cyanide inhibition; respiratory activity with NADH and succinate proceeded via both the cyanide-sensitive and -resistant pathways. Studies with respiratory inhibitors, and the cytochrome compositions of the fractions derived from cultures grown under both conditions, are presented. A soluble, carbon monoxide-binding cytochrome c was found, and this appears similar to those found recently in Beneckea natriegens, methylotrophic bacteria and the marine pseudomonad B16.

show abstract

“…An attempt to determine the influence of fixed charge on the efficacy of the uncouplers was of special interest since bacteria, which contain a higher ratio of negatively charged to neutral lipids than mitochondria, are known to be relatively insensitive to uncouplers of mitochondrial phosphorylation (Kates, 1964;Gel'man, Lukoyanova & Ostrovskii, 1967).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Guarnieri, B. Stechmiller & A. L. Lehninger, in preparation), whereas the membrane of M. lysodeikticus contains 82% acidic and only 18 % neutral lipids (Macfarlane, 1961). Perhaps the finding that the concentration of DNP needed for uncoupling is approximately 10 times higher in M. lysodeikticus than in mitochondria (Mitchell, 1961 ;Gel'man et al, 1967) is explained by the higher acidic lipid content of the bacteria. Certainly, further experimentation will be required to test this idea.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of the polar moiety of lipids on bilayer conductance induced by uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation

1970

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bilayer membranes were formed from decane, cholesterol, and three lipids isolated fromStaphylococcus aureus: positively charged lysyl phosphatidylglycerol (LysPG), negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and neutral diglucosyldiglyceride (DiGluDiGly). The uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and 3-t-butyl,5-chloro,2'-chloro,4'-nitrosalicylanilide (S 13), increased the electrical conductance of all three differently charged bilayers. S 13 was found to be the most effective reagent of the known uncouplers in increasing conductance of the bilayers. The conductance induced by uncouplers was investigated as a function of pH and uncoupler concentration. The pH of maximum conductance for each uncoupling agent was dependent on both the uncoupler and the lipid; it was lower for each uncoupler in LysPG and higher in PG compared to DiGluDiGly bilayers. At a pH below the optimum for LysPG, the conductance of the positively charged membrane was 500 times and of the neutral one 10 times higher than that of the negatively charged bilayer at equal uncoupler concentration and pH. Above the pH optimum for DiGluDiGly, the conductance was approximately equal for the positive and neutral membranes, but was lower in PG bilayers. Conductance depended linearly on uncoupler concentration. The bilayer conductance induced by S 13 was entirely due to increased proton permeability in all three lipids. The findings are consistent with the role of uncouplers as "carriers" for protons across the hydrocarbon interior of lipid membranes. The differences in conductance of differently charged lipid bilayers at equal uncoupler concentration, as well as the change of pH optimum of conductance with lipid charge, can be explained in terms of an electrostatic energy contribution of the fixed lipid charges to the distribution of the uncoupler anion between the aqueous and the membrane phases.

show abstract

Respiration and Phosphorylation of Bacteria

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

RESPIRATION AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI MEMBRANE-ENVELOPE FRAGMENTS

RESPIRATION AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI MEMBRANE-ENVELOPE FRAGMENTS

The Respiratory System of Chromobacterium violaceum Grown under Conditions of High and Low Cyanide Evolution

The effect of the polar moiety of lipids on bilayer conductance induced by uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About