Respiration during Flight in Drosophila repleta Wollaston: The Oxygen Consumption Considered in Relation to the Wing-Rate

Chadwick, L. E.; Gilmour, D. G.

doi:10.1086/physzool.13.4.30151588

Cited by 80 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…In preliminary studies flies of various ages were employed in demonstrating again that sensitivity to oxygen as well as oxygen consumption increases with age. With the Fenn respirometer it was found that a 2 to 3 day old male fruit fly consumes 02 at the rate of about 2 l/hr (8), a rate which is quite similar to that observed by previous investigators (9), and which is unchanged subsequent to a 40 min exposure to oxygen at 7.8 atm absolute pressure. In a limited number of experiments, female Drosophila were also studied.…”

Section: Test Animalssupporting

confidence: 84%

Interactions of Oxygen at High Pressure and Radiation in Drosophila

Thomas

Baxter

Fenn

1966

The Journal of General Physiology

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Oxygen at high pressure (OHP) and X-irradiation can interact in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to potentiate toxic actions characteristic of one agent alone. 1000 kvp X-irradiation in doses of 30, 60, and 75 kr accelerated the acute immobilization of young male Drosophila by oxygen at 7.8 atm, up to rates twice that observed with such oxygen pressure alone. X-irradiation alone in these dosages did not acutely immobilize the Drosophila. X-irradiation during exposure to 7.8 atm pO2 was more effective and consistent in producing this potentiation than was X-irradiation that preceded exposure to OHP. Acute OHP toxicity in young female Drosophila was not potentiated by 75 kr of Xirradiation. On the other hand, shortening of the life span of young male Drosophila by the above doses of X-irradiation was augmented significantly by a concurrent 40 min exposure to OHP (which alone did not significantly decrease life span). This shows, for the first time, that oxygen can affect not only the acute effects of radiation, but also the residual irreversible effects indicated by the life span shortening.

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Section: Test Animalssupporting

confidence: 84%

Interactions of Oxygen at High Pressure and Radiation in Drosophila

Thomas

Baxter

Fenn

1966

The Journal of General Physiology

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“…As such, the high apparent safety margin for O 2 delivery in resting insects may be greatly reduced or nonexistent during flight Harrison et al, 2006;Heymann and Lehmann, 2006). Consistent with this prediction, D. repleta does not fly at O 2 tensions below 6 kPa and flight activity is reduced in D. melanogaster placed in an altitudinal equivalent of 7 kPa O 2 (Chadwick and Gilmour, 1940;Dillon and Frazier, 2006).…”

Section: Graded Hypoxia Of 19-0 Kpa Omentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Insects have long been used to study respiration physiology and the response of organisms to varied O 2 tensions (Chadwick and Gilmour, 1940;Ellenby, 1953;Fenn et al, 1967;Harrison et al, 2006;Hetz and Bradley, 2005;Hoback and Stanley, 2001;Jarecki et al, 1999;Lighton and Schilman, 2007). A major advantage in the use of insects to study physiological responses to varying O 2 levels is that the tissues in insects are typically directly exposed to the ambient O 2 tensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic function inDrosophila melanogasterin response to hypoxia and pure oxygen

Voorhies

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThis study examined the metabolic response of Drosophila melanogaster exposed to O 2 concentrations ranging from 0 to 21% and at 100%. The metabolic rate of flies exposed to graded hypoxia remained nearly constant as O 2 tensions were reduced from normoxia to ~3 kPa. There was a rapid, approximately linear reduction in fly metabolic rate at P O2 s between 3 and 0.5 kPa. The reduction in metabolic rate was especially pronounced at P O2 levels <0.5 kPa, and at a P O2 of 0.1 kPa fly metabolic rate was reduced ~10-fold relative to normoxic levels. The metabolic rate of flies exposed to anoxia and then returned to normoxia recovered to pre-anoxic levels within 30 min with no apparent payment of a hypoxia-induced oxygen debt. Flies tolerated exposure to hypoxia and/or anoxia for 40 min with nearly 100% survival. Fly mortality increased rapidly after 2 h of anoxia and >16 h exposure was uniformly lethal. Flies exposed to pure O 2 for 24 h showed no apparent alteration of metabolic rate, even though such O 2 tensions should damage respiratory enzymes critical to mitochondria function. Within a few hours the metabolic rate of flies recovering from exposure to repeated short bouts of anoxia was the same as flies exposed to a single anoxia exposure.

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“…As noted above, evidence from resting grasshoppers suggests that older S. americana grasshoppers have improved oxygen delivery relative to younger animals, probably due to improved convective ventilation (Greenlee and Harrison, 2004). However, metabolic rates and critical oxygen partial pressure (P O ∑) values for insects during flight are much higher than measured for insects at rest (Chadwick and Gilmour, 1940;Davis and Fraenkel, 1940;Joos et al, 1997;Harrison and Lighton, 1998;Greenlee and Harrison, 2004). If body size imposes limits on tracheal oxygen delivery, these are most likely to be evident during locomotion, when gas exchange requirements are high.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Ontogenetic effects on aerobic and anaerobic metabolism during jumping in the American locust,Schistocerca americana

Kirkton

Niska

Harrison

2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Developing vertebrates increase both their locomotory power output and endurance due to ontogenetic improvements in anaerobic and aerobic metabolic capacities. Do similar patterns hold for insect locomotion, or do longer tracheal lengths create problems for oxygen delivery in older animals? We forced developing American locust grasshoppers (Schistocerca americana) to jump repeatedly and examined the effect of development on power output, endurance, lactate concentration, oxygen consumption and the oxygen sensitivity of jump performance. As previously shown, power outputs,relative leg lengths and leg cuticular content increased with age. A key finding of this study is that both lactate concentration and aerobic metabolic rate of the jumping muscle increase with age, explaining how the increased leg cuticular stiffness can result in increased power output. After two minutes of jumping, grasshoppers rely completely on aerobic ATP production. The rise in mass-specific, active aerobic metabolic rates with age indicates that problems with longer tracheae can be overcome; however, the reduced endurance, higher lactate concentrations and increased oxygen sensitivity of locomotory performance in older animals indicate that larger/older grasshoppers have smaller safety margins for oxygen delivery during hopping.

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Respiration during Flight in Drosophila repleta Wollaston: The Oxygen Consumption Considered in Relation to the Wing-Rate

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

Interactions of Oxygen at High Pressure and Radiation in Drosophila

Interactions of Oxygen at High Pressure and Radiation in Drosophila

Metabolic function inDrosophila melanogasterin response to hypoxia and pure oxygen

Ontogenetic effects on aerobic and anaerobic metabolism during jumping in the American locust,Schistocerca americana

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