Respiration During Photosynthesis

Krömer, Silke

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.46.060195.000401

Cited by 374 publications

(132 citation statements)

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“…Dark respiration and photosynthesis are metabolic pathways that produce redox equivalents and ATP to meet the energy requirements to support cell growth and maintenance (2). The central role of mitochondria in plants is reflected by the array of mitochondrial transporters and shuttles that transfer metabolites and reducing equivalents back and forth between mitochondria and the cytosol.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mitochondria Provide the Main Source of Cytosolic ATP for Activation of Outward-rectifying K+ Channels in Mesophyll Protoplast of Chlorophyll-deficient Mutant Rice (OsCHLH) Seedlings

Goh

Jung

Roberts

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The role of mitochondria in providing intracellular ATP that controls the activity of plasma membrane outward-rectifying K ؉ channels was evaluated. The Os-CHLH rice mutant, which lacks chlorophyll in the thy- The OsCHLH mutant is unable to fix CO 2 and exhibits reduced growth. Wild type and mutant plants exhibit similar rates of respiratory O 2 uptake in the dark, whereas the rate of photosynthetic O 2 evolution by the mutant was negligible during illumination. During dark respiration the wild type and mutant exhibited similar levels of cytoplasmic ATP. In the mutant oligomycin treatment (an inhibitor of mitochondrial F 1 F 0 -ATPase) drastically reduced ATP production. The fact that this was reversed by the addition of glucose suggested that the mutant produced ATP exclusively from mitochondria but not from chloroplasts. In whole cell patch clamp experiments, the activity of outward-rectifying K ؉ channels of rice mesophyll cells showed ATPdependent currents, which were 1.5-fold greater in wild type than in mutant cells. Channels in both wild type and mutant cells were deactivated by the removal of cytosolic ATP, whereas in the presence of ATP the channels remained active. We conclude that mesophyll cells in the OsCHLH rice mutant derive ATP from mitochondrial respiration, and that this is critical for the normal function of plasma membrane outward-rectifying K ؉ channels.Mitochondrial metabolism not only impacts on other cellular biosynthetic and catabolic processes, but also plays an important role in providing the overall cellular energy supply. Dark respiration and photosynthesis are metabolic pathways that produce redox equivalents and ATP to meet the energy requirements to support cell growth and maintenance (2). The central role of mitochondria in plants is reflected by the array of mitochondrial transporters and shuttles that transfer metabolites and reducing equivalents back and forth between mitochondria and the cytosol. Oxidative phosphorylation provides the cytosol with ATP, which is required for sucrose synthesis and other cytosolic processes. Studies with specific respiratory inhibitors have shown that oxidative phosphorylation occurs both in darkness and in light (2-4). However, very little is known about the regulation of mitochondrial respiration in photosynthetic mesophyll cells, and the role of mitochondrial ATP production as a source of cytosolic ATP in this process is not fully understood.Many biochemical reactions in plant and mammalian cells depend on a tightly controlled ratio of ATP to ADP. In mammalian mitochondria, this ratio is preserved by regulatory mechanisms that couple the rate of cellular ATP consumption to the rate of ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation (5-8). Hence, efficient communication between cellular energy stores and membrane metabolic sensors is necessary for regulation of membrane excitability and associated functions. In most mammalian cells, there is a class of K ϩ channels whose activity is closely coupled to metabolism by ATP (9, 10). Recent studies have...

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Mitochondria Provide the Main Source of Cytosolic ATP for Activation of Outward-rectifying K+ Channels in Mesophyll Protoplast of Chlorophyll-deficient Mutant Rice (OsCHLH) Seedlings

Goh

Jung

Roberts

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Although the light reaction in photosynthesis provides ATP and reductants for biosynthesis in a leaf cell during illumination, mitochondrial respiration in light is necessary for biosynthetic reactions in the cytosol, such as sucrose synthesis (1,2). Respiratory activity in light can even be considered part of the photosynthetic process, because it is needed to regulate the state of stromal redox during photosynthesis (3) and to maintain the cytosolic ATP pool (1). Mitochondrial respiration might also be a source for biosynthetic precursors, such as acetyl-CoA or acetate for chloroplastic fatty acid synthesis in light (1).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Respiratory activity in light can even be considered part of the photosynthetic process, because it is needed to regulate the state of stromal redox during photosynthesis (3) and to maintain the cytosolic ATP pool (1). Mitochondrial respiration might also be a source for biosynthetic precursors, such as acetyl-CoA or acetate for chloroplastic fatty acid synthesis in light (1). The required magnitude of mitochondrial respiration in light is therefore determined by the potential need for this process to provide energy and carbon skeletons in the light (2).…”

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“…Mitochondrial respiratory activity during illumination varies between 25 and 100% of the respiratory activity in darkness (1). The lower rate of nonphotorespiratory mitochondrial CO 2 release during illumination has been interpreted as evidence for partial inhibition of leaf respiration by light (4)(5)(6).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The lower rate of nonphotorespiratory mitochondrial CO 2 release during illumination has been interpreted as evidence for partial inhibition of leaf respiration by light (4)(5)(6). The magnitude of light inhibition of respiration seems to depend on the photosynthetic capacity (1), but the mechanism of light regulation of mitochondrial respiration is not clearly understood (2,3). Although there has been much study of, albeit little agreement on, the effects of elevated CO 2 on plant respiration (7)(8)(9), the effects of elevated CO 2 on mitochondrial respiration in light have been little studied and hence are largely unknown (5, 10).…”

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Effects of elevated atmospheric CO ₂ concentration on leaf dark respiration of Xanthium strumarium in light and in darkness

Wang

Tissue²,

Seemann³

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Leaf dark respiration (R) is an important component of plant carbon balance, but the effects of rising atmospheric CO2 on leaf R during illumination are largely unknown. We studied the effects of elevated CO 2 on leaf R in light (RL) and in darkness (RD) in Xanthium strumarium at different developmental stages. Leaf RL was estimated by using the Kok method, whereas leaf RD was measured as the rate of CO 2 efflux at zero light. Leaf RL and RD were significantly higher at elevated than at ambient CO2 throughout the growing period. Elevated CO2 increased the ratio of leaf RL to net photosynthesis at saturated light (Amax) when plants were young and also after flowering, but the ratio of leaf R D to Amax was unaffected by CO2 levels. Leaf RN was significantly higher at the beginning but significantly lower at the end of the growing period in elevated CO 2-grown plants. The ratio of leaf RL to RD was used to estimate the effect of light on leaf R during the day. We found that light inhibited leaf R at both CO2 concentrations but to a lesser degree for elevated (17-24%) than for ambient (29 -35%) CO2-grown plants, presumably because elevated CO 2-grown plants had a higher demand for energy and carbon skeletons than ambient CO2-grown plants in light. Our results suggest that using the CO2 efflux rate, determined by shading leaves during the day, as a measure for leaf R is likely to underestimate carbon loss from elevated CO 2-grown plants.P hotosynthesis and mitochondrial respiration (also referred to as dark respiration, as opposed to photorespiration) are metabolic pathways that produce ATP and reductants to meet energy demands for plant growth and maintenance. Although the light reaction in photosynthesis provides ATP and reductants for biosynthesis in a leaf cell during illumination, mitochondrial respiration in light is necessary for biosynthetic reactions in the cytosol, such as sucrose synthesis (1, 2). Respiratory activity in light can even be considered part of the photosynthetic process, because it is needed to regulate the state of stromal redox during photosynthesis (3) and to maintain the cytosolic ATP pool (1). Mitochondrial respiration might also be a source for biosynthetic precursors, such as acetyl-CoA or acetate for chloroplastic fatty acid synthesis in light (1). The required magnitude of mitochondrial respiration in light is therefore determined by the potential need for this process to provide energy and carbon skeletons in the light (2).Mitochondrial respiratory activity during illumination varies between 25 and 100% of the respiratory activity in darkness (1). The lower rate of nonphotorespiratory mitochondrial CO 2 release during illumination has been interpreted as evidence for partial inhibition of leaf respiration by light (4-6). The magnitude of light inhibition of respiration seems to depend on the photosynthetic capacity (1), but the mechanism of light regulation of mitochondrial respiration is not clearly understood (2, 3). Although there has been much study of, albeit little agreement o...

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Cargo receptors and adaptors for selective autophagy in plant cells

et al. 2022

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Plant selective (macro)autophagy is a highly regulated process where eukaryotic cells spatiotemporally degrade some of their constituents that have become superfluous or harmful. The identification and characterization of the factors determining this selectivity make it possible to integrate selective (macro)autophagy into plant cell physiology and homeostasis. The specific cargo receptors and/or scaffold proteins involved in this pathway are generally not structurally conserved, as are the biochemical mechanisms underlying recognition and integration of a given cargo into the autophagosome in different cell types. This review discusses the few specific cargo receptors described in plant cells to highlight key features of selective autophagy in the plant kingdom and its integration with plant physiology, aiming to identify evolutionary convergence and knowledge gaps to be filled by future research.

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Respiration During Photosynthesis

Cited by 374 publications

References 28 publications

Mitochondria Provide the Main Source of Cytosolic ATP for Activation of Outward-rectifying K+ Channels in Mesophyll Protoplast of Chlorophyll-deficient Mutant Rice (OsCHLH) Seedlings

Mitochondria Provide the Main Source of Cytosolic ATP for Activation of Outward-rectifying K+ Channels in Mesophyll Protoplast of Chlorophyll-deficient Mutant Rice (OsCHLH) Seedlings

Effects of elevated atmospheric CO ₂ concentration on leaf dark respiration of Xanthium strumarium in light and in darkness

Cargo receptors and adaptors for selective autophagy in plant cells

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Respiration During Photosynthesis

Cited by 374 publications

References 28 publications

Mitochondria Provide the Main Source of Cytosolic ATP for Activation of Outward-rectifying K+ Channels in Mesophyll Protoplast of Chlorophyll-deficient Mutant Rice (OsCHLH) Seedlings

Mitochondria Provide the Main Source of Cytosolic ATP for Activation of Outward-rectifying K+ Channels in Mesophyll Protoplast of Chlorophyll-deficient Mutant Rice (OsCHLH) Seedlings

Effects of elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration on leaf dark respiration of Xanthium strumarium in light and in darkness

Cargo receptors and adaptors for selective autophagy in plant cells

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Effects of elevated atmospheric CO ₂ concentration on leaf dark respiration of Xanthium strumarium in light and in darkness