Respiration rates of the copepodPseudodiaptomus annandaleiin tropical waters: beyond the thermal optimum

Temperature-and sex-specific grazing rate of a tropical copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei to food availability: Implications for live feed in aquaculture

“…In line with previous studies (Garrido et al, ; Grote et al, ; Sheng et al, ) that showed temperature dependence of feeding rates among marine organisms, females showed an increase in PP, PP max , SPP and SPP max when temperature increased from 25 to 30°C and then pellet production decreased at 35°C. Results were in agreement with the previous finding that the temperatures ranging between 32 and 36°C are beyond the optimal thermal range of P. annandalei (Lehette et al, ). Indeed, the respiration of P. annandalei with the Q 10 values of 4.44 and 2.01 for the temperature ranges of 32–36°C and 26–32°C respectively (Lehette et al, ).…”

“…Results were in agreement with the previous finding that the temperatures ranging between 32 and 36°C are beyond the optimal thermal range of P. annandalei (Lehette et al, ). Indeed, the respiration of P. annandalei with the Q 10 values of 4.44 and 2.01 for the temperature ranges of 32–36°C and 26–32°C respectively (Lehette et al, ). The increase in PP and SPP when increasing the temperature from 25 to 30°C may be a consequence of an increase in metabolic rate (Angilletta, ; Angilletta, Niewiarowski, & Navas, ; Grote et al, ; Hirche, ).…”

“…This is also true for tropical aquaculture species like copepods and global warming may be especially problematic for culturing this species in outdoor systems if the temperature rises beyond their upper thermal tolerance threshold. In fact, the temperature in coastal aquaculture ponds of Vietnam may occasionally be higher than 35°C (Appendix S1 of this study) and it has been shown that such extreme temperatures strongly affected the respiration of P. annandalei (Lehette et al, 2016). Yet, the effect of the temperature on the grazing rate of P. annandalei remains to be tested.…”

“…To determine the food saturation concentrations for copepods, the study of functional responses is a suitable method that was used for several decades (e.g., Holling, 1966;Colin & Dam, 2007;Sarma, Jimenez-Contreras, Fernandez, Nandini, & Garcia-Garcia, 2013;Saiz, Griffell, Calbet, & Isari, 2014;Helenius & Saiz, 2017;Kiørboe, Saiz, Tiselius, & Andersen, 2018). The calanoid copepod genus Pseudodiaptomus has been commonly cultured with several microalgal species such as Chaetoceros muelleri (Puello-Cruz, Mezo-Villalobos, Gonzalez-Rodriguez, & Voltolina, 2009), Isochrysis galbana (Beyrend-Dur et al, 2011;Puello-Cruz et al, 2009), Tetraselmis chui (Rayner, Hojgaard, Hansen, & Hwang, 2017) and Skeletonema costatum (Lehette, Ting, Chew, & Chong, 2016). Some studies have used the microalgal concentrations equivalent to approximately 500 μg C L −1 (Rayner, Hojgaard, et al, 2017) or 500 μg chlorophyll a L −1 (e.g., Lehette et al, 2016) to feed P. annandalei.…”

“…The calanoid copepod genus Pseudodiaptomus has been commonly cultured with several microalgal species such as Chaetoceros muelleri (Puello-Cruz, Mezo-Villalobos, Gonzalez-Rodriguez, & Voltolina, 2009), Isochrysis galbana (Beyrend-Dur et al, 2011;Puello-Cruz et al, 2009), Tetraselmis chui (Rayner, Hojgaard, Hansen, & Hwang, 2017) and Skeletonema costatum (Lehette, Ting, Chew, & Chong, 2016). Some studies have used the microalgal concentrations equivalent to approximately 500 μg C L −1 (Rayner, Hojgaard, et al, 2017) or 500 μg chlorophyll a L −1 (e.g., Lehette et al, 2016) to feed P. annandalei. However, it is not known how the feeding rate of this species changes in response to food density.…”