Respiratory and Cardiac Responses to Flight in Pigeons

Hart, J. S.; Roy, O. Z.

doi:10.1086/physzool.39.4.30152353

Cited by 82 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In the marabou stork, Leptoptilos crumeniferus , Bamford and Maloiy reported a direct relationship between O 2 and heart rate for birds running on treadmill (Bamford and Maloiy, 1980), while large increases in the respiratory rate and heart rate were reported by Butler et al, Butler, and Peters et al in birds flying in a wind tunnel (Butler et al, 1977; Butler, 1991; Peters et al, 2005). Eliassen reported that pulse pressure almost doubled from rest to flight in gulls (Eliassen, 1963), while Hart and Roy recorded 3 to 4 times increase in heart rate over the resting level in exercising pigeon (Hart and Roy, 1966). Increase of BLL in blood during exercise has been shown to occur in three phases (Roston et al, 1987; Cabrera and Chizeck, 1996): in the first phase which corresponds to less than 60% of maximum O 2 (O 2max. )…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural failures of the blood–gas barrier and the epithelial–epithelial cell connections in the different vascular regions of the lung of the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus variant domesticus, at rest and during exercise

Maina

Jimoh

2013

Biology Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryStructural failure of blood–gas barrier (BGB) and epithelial–epithelial cell connections (EECCs) in different vascular regions of the exchange tissue of the lung was studied in rested and exercised chickens. The number of red blood cells (nRBCs) was counted and protein concentration (PC) measured after lavaging the respiratory system, and blood was sampled to determine the blood lactate levels (BLLs). The numbers of complete BGB breaks (nBGBBs) and those of the EECCs (nEECCBs) were counted in the different vascular territories of the lung. The nRBCs and the PCs increased with increasing exercise intensities but the rate of increase decreased at higher workloads. From rest to the fastest experimental treadmill speed of 2.95 m.sec−1, BLLs increased 4-fold. In all cases, the nEECCBs exceeded those of the BGB, showing that structurally the BGB is relatively weaker than the EECC. The increase in the number of breaks with increasing exercise can be attributed to increase in the pulmonary capillary blood pressure (PCBP) from faster heart rates and higher cardiac outputs, while the leveling out of the measurements made at higher workloads may have arisen from hemodynamic changes that initially ensued from exudation of blood plasma and then flow of blood into the air capillaries on failure of the BGB. The relative differences in the nBGBBs and the nEECCBs in the different vascular regions of the lung were ascribed to diameters of the branches and their points of origin and angles of bifurcation from the pulmonary artery. Presence of RBCs in the air capillaries of the lungs of rested chickens showed that failure of the BGB commonly occurs even in healthy and unstressed birds. Rapid repair and/or defense responses, which were observed, may explain how birds cope with mechanical injuries of the BGB.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural failures of the blood–gas barrier and the epithelial–epithelial cell connections in the different vascular regions of the lung of the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus variant domesticus, at rest and during exercise

Maina

Jimoh

2013

Biology Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We used the rat as a representative mammalian species to avoid large differences in body mass between groups that would confound the analysis. For the other representatives we used rainbow trout: Oncorhynchus mykiss (28,29,158); cane toad: Rhinella marina (125,193,303); Mertens water monitor: Varanus mertensi (84,85); pigeon: Columba livia (122,201); along with rat: Rattus norvegicus (109,126).…”

Section: Limits To Maximal Rates Of O 2 Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism at the Max: How Vertebrate Organisms Respond to Physical Activity

Hedrick

Hancock

Hillman

2015

Comprehensive Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Activity metabolism is supported by phosphorylated reserves (adenosine triphosphate, creatine phosphate), glycolytic, and aerobic metabolism. Because there is no apparent variation between vertebrate groups in phosphorylated reserves or glycolytic potential of skeletal muscle, variation in maximal metabolic rate between major vertebrate groups represents selection operating on aerobic mechanisms. Maximal rates of oxygen consumption in vertebrates are supported by increased conductive and diffusive fluxes of oxygen from the environment to the mitochondria. Maximal CO2 efflux from the mitochondria to the environment must be matched to oxygen flux, or imbalances in pH will occur. Among vertebrates, there are a variety of modes of locomotion and vastly different rates of metabolism supported by a variety of cardiorespiratory architectures. However, interclass comparisons strongly implicate systemic oxygen transport as the rate-limiting step to maximal oxygen consumption for all vertebrate groups. The key evolutionary step that accounts for the approximately 10-fold increase in maximal oxygen flux in endotherms versus ectotherms appears to be maximal heart rate. Other variables such as ventilation, pulmonary/gill, and tissue diffusing capacity, have excess capacity and thus are not limiting to maximal oxygen consumption. During maximal activity, the ratio of ventilation to respiratory system blood flow is remarkably similar among vertebrates, and CO2 extraction efficiency increases while oxygen extraction efficiency decreases, suggesting that the respiratory system provides the largest resistance to maximal CO2 flux. Despite the large variation in modes of activity and rates of metabolism, maximal rates of oxygen and CO2 flux appear to be limited by the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, respectively.

show abstract

“…Core temperature of birds using powered flight rises from rv38-39°C when at rest to 41-44°C (Hart and Roy, 1966;Tucker, 1968a;Torre-Bueno, 1976. To prevent overheating, birds dissipate heat by convective heat loss from the skin and evaporation of water from the respiratory tract.…”

Section: Diel Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Ornithology

1989

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisber. = Current ornithology. 1. Ornithology-Periodicals. I. Johnston, Richard F. QL671.C87 598'.05-dcl9 84-640616 [8509] AACR 2 MARC-S ISBN 978-1-4757-9920-0 ISBN 978-1-4757-9918-7 (eBook) v PREFACEThis edited series has three principal goals. The first is to provide information in a relatively concise way for researchers needing an overview of specific disciplines. The second is to provide an update on specific schools of thought, bringing together ideas from colleagues whose works often appear in a variety of journals. And the third is to stimulate and suggest directions for new research. Volume 6 continues the tradition established by the previous editor and editorial board in providing new information, updating our understanding of specific disciplines, and stimulating new research. In the first chapter, Randall Breitwisch examines mortality patterns and sex ratios in monogamous birds. He argues that there are many more components to measuring parental investment than are often realized; our knowledge is weak in several areas. Understanding the evolution of mating systems depends on better distinguishing the different intensities of natural selection that operate on males and females. Gregory Butcher and Sievert Rohwer develop a framework for assessing the role of colorfulness in birds. They propose several hypotheses to test and advocate evaluating more than one hypothesis at a time. Future work on the evolution of distinctive coloration and of sexual and age dimorphism must take these ideas into account.Paul Kerlinger and Frank Moore examine the structure of the atmosphere (e.g., thermals, winds, temperature) as it may be relevant to avian migration. They develop the hypothesis that atmospheric structure is an important force in natural selection for timing and altitude of migration. A comparison is made with other presumed selective vii viii PREFACE influences, such as predation and competition. Gabor Lovei of Hungary shares his review of passerine migration between the Palaearctic and Africa, allowing comparisons to be made with the Nearctic-Neotropical system. Geographic barriers for birds migrating from Europe and Asia to Africa are greater than those existing between North and South America; these barriers influence the patterns of passerine migration.Noel and Helen Snyder summarize their knowledge of the biology of the California Condor and the history and issues that led to conservation efforts and capture of the last remaining birds. They reveal the fascinating undercurrent of politics and interactions driving the development of decisions affecting endangered species. The prospects ahead for captive breeding and release of condors in the wild, and the ultimate goals for condor conservation, are addressed. Jerry Waldvogel concludes the volume with an excellent syno...

show abstract

Respiratory and Cardiac Responses to Flight in Pigeons

Cited by 82 publications

References 12 publications

Structural failures of the blood–gas barrier and the epithelial–epithelial cell connections in the different vascular regions of the lung of the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus variant domesticus, at rest and during exercise

Structural failures of the blood–gas barrier and the epithelial–epithelial cell connections in the different vascular regions of the lung of the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus variant domesticus, at rest and during exercise

Metabolism at the Max: How Vertebrate Organisms Respond to Physical Activity

Current Ornithology

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About