Respiratory Burns with Special Reference to Pulmonary Edema and Congestion

Aviado, Domingo M.; Schmidt, Carl F.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.6.5.666

Cited by 53 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…13 Direct proof for such a mechanism is being sought by direct visualization of the lung vessels. Its significance in clinical forms of edema and in the normal state, if any, is even more remote.…”

Section: Stage Of Pulmonary Hypertension Congestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Edema by Alloxan

Aviado

Schmidt

1957

Circulation Research

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Section: Stage Of Pulmonary Hypertension Congestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Edema by Alloxan

Aviado

Schmidt

1957

Circulation Research

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“…Despite the potential risk, no job legislation on human exposure to hot water steam exists . Only a few old scientific references have dealt with the effects of steam exposure on animals (Aviado and Schmidt 1952;Moritz et al 1945). These studies have shown that pulmonary damage appeared more quickly and was more pronounced with a hot saturated air jet compared to a dry jet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The steam laboratory of the Institut de M�decine Navale du Service de Sant� des Arm�es: a set of tools in the service of the French Navy

Desruelle

Schmid

2004

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Accidental exposure to hot water steam is a potential risk in the French Navy, and particularly on nuclear submarines or ships. Direct human exposure to this extreme environment during an accident leads to death in a short time. In order to protect the crew members of the French Navy, a laboratory was created at the Institut de Médecine Navale du Service de Santé des Armées (IMNSSA). A set of tools was developed to study the effects of exposure to hot water steam atmospheres on human physiology and on the protective capacities of textile fabrics and equipment. A testing device allows the quantification of the protective capacities of fabrics under steam stresses. A thermal manikin and a steam climatic chamber allow the evaluation of the protective capacities of equipment. The tests on fabrics and on garments were in good agreement. Water vapour impermeable fabrics and garments provide greater protection in steamy conditions. Moreover, the thicker the sample or garment, the higher the protection it gives. Care should be taken to verify that fabrics keep their thermal characteristics under steam stress. These characteristics, measured under standard comfortable conditions, are not always indicative of the protective abilities of the fabrics under steamy conditions.

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“…For example, active constriction might produce changes in various resistance and diffusion components that would not be detected by measurements of total resistance and total diffusion. Pulmonary venular constriction is known to occur following inhalation of steam (20) or injection of endotoxin (21). As a result of increased resistance to flow through venules, hydrostatic pressures increase proximally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Chest Irradiation on Pulmonary Function*†

Sweany¹,

Moss²,

Haddy³

1959

J. Clin. Invest.

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Pathological changes in lung tissue following chest wall irradiation have been adequately documented in the past (1-5). However, pulmonary function has not been systematically studied. Published studies (6-9) are incomplete and the findings complicated by the original disease. In view of this and because of a desire to determine the amount of radiation which might safely be administered to the chest, a systematic study was undertaken in dogs. The results of this study follow. METHODSPulmonary function and vascular resistance were evaluated in dogs before and after irradiation to the chest. All studies were performed under pentobarbital anesthesia. Two different irradiation schedules were utilized. Eight dogs received a calculated dose of 1,000 to 2,900 roentgens (r) to the mid-chest in a single exposure. No animal survived longer than two and one-half months. For practical reasons, it was not feasible to study resistance and function in the same animal. Therefore, resistance was evaluated in the first five animals within 24 hours of irradiation. Diffusing capacity, functional residual volume and compliance were determined in the remaining three animals at two to three week intervals. In order to effect a longer period of survival, seven animals were irradiated under a second schedule consisting of a dosage of 200 to 300 r to each side of the chest repeated at weekly intervals up to a total calculated mid-chest dose of 3,000 to 4,800 r. Three of these animals survived longer than six months. Diffusing capacity, functional residual volume and compliance were determined at two to three month intervals following onset of irradiation. Vascular studies were also conducted in four animals at the time of the final evaluation. 4 Clinical Investigator of the Veterans Administration.All irradiation was given with 260 KV. peak equipment (filter, one-half mm. Cu, 1 mm. Al, half-value layer 1 mm. Cu; target-skin distance, 50 to 70 cm.) with the animals under pentobarbital anesthesia. Field size included the chest from xiphoid to lower neck.Compliance. Values for total thorax, lung and chest wall compliance were obtained by the static method (10) with the animals anesthetized and curarized. A cardiac catheter, with a latex condom secured to the terminal 5 inches, was introduced well into the thoracic portion of the esophagus (11, 12). The catheter was marked at the level opposite the incisors, so that it could be placed in the same position in subsequent tests. A cuffed endotracheal tube was positioned within the trachea and sealed by inflation of the cuff. Muscle paralysis was obtained by the intravenous injection of approximately 6 ml. of a 0.01 per cent solution of succinyl-choline. Respiration was maintained artificially with a mechanical respirator, except during evaluation of the pressure-volume relationships. Air was introduced into the tracheal cannula until pressure in the cannula reached a pre-selected level. In order to minimize variations due to hysteresis, inflation time for a given volume was maintained approxima...

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Respiratory Burns with Special Reference to Pulmonary Edema and Congestion

Cited by 53 publications

References 24 publications

Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Edema by Alloxan

Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Edema by Alloxan

The steam laboratory of the Institut de M�decine Navale du Service de Sant� des Arm�es: a set of tools in the service of the French Navy

The Effects of Chest Irradiation on Pulmonary Function*†

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