Respiratory Cancer and Occupational Exposure to Arsenicals

Mg, Ott; Holder, Benjamin B.; Gordon, H. Laing

doi:10.1080/00039896.1974.10666582

Cited by 178 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…Increased incidences of skin, lung, liver, bladder, and kidney cancers and cardiovascular phenomena such as blackfoot disease could be identified (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). On the other hand, inhalation of arsenic, relevant mainly in workplaces, was shown to increase the risk of mainly lung cancer (7,8). Recently, evidence for increased risks of other types of cancers, mainly located in bone and kidney, was reported (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Human biomonitoring of arsenic and antimony in case of an elevated geogenic exposure.

Gebel

Suchenwirth

Bolten

et al. 1998

Environ Health Perspect

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Part of the norther Palat e region in Germany is erized by elevated leels of arsenic and antimony in the soil due to the presence ofore sources and former mining activities. In a biomonitoring study, 218 residents were investigted for a putative increased intake of these elements. Seventy-six nonexposd subjects in a rur region in south lower Saxony were chosen as the rrece group. Urine and scalp hair sampes were obtained as su to dein he miteral exposures to arsenic and antimony. The analys were pefr*m ed using graphite furace atomic absorption spectrometry except for arsenic in urine, which was determined by the hydride tecnique. This method does not detect organo ls from sefood, which are not toxicologicaly relevant In the northem Palatinate subjects, sdighy elevated arsenic contents in urine and scalp hair (presumably not hazardous) could be corrldated with an increased arenic content in the soil. On the other hand, the results did not show a correation between the am contents in tie soil ofthe housing area and those in urine and hair. Except for an y in sp hair, age tended to be associatd wi intenal exposure to arsenic and antimony in both study groups. Consumpion of seafood had a slight impact on the levd ofuinary arsenic, which is indi of dte presence oflow quanities of inoranic arsenicas and dimethasinic acid in sefood. Th.e arsenic and antimony contents in scalp hair were positively correated with the 24-hr arsenic io in urine. However, antimony in scalp hair was not correlated with seafood consmptio as was asenic in slp hair and in urine. (19). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the transfer of arsenic and antimony from the environment to humans in the northern Palatinate region. Unlike the studies on arsenic previously described in which the main sources of exposure were arsenic-contaminated drinking water and industrial emissions, this study focuses on soil contaminated with arsenic and antimony as the main source of exposure.Because humans excrete arsenic and antimony mainly via the kidneys (28-30), urinary concentrations were used as valid biomarkers of exposure. Biomonitoring of scalp hair was performed as additional screening to record cumulative exposures. MethodsStudy design and study population. This study was preceded by a project that sought to determine the contents of arsenic and antimony in soil and in plant and animal samples from the northern Palatinate region of Germany. Residents for whom the soil contents of arsenic and antimony in their housing areas were known (one to three soil samples per individual) were asked to participate in the study. To minimize a selection bias, a maximum participation rate was achieved by convincing those residents who did not reply to our first written request to participate. Nonexposed subjects from a rural area in south lower Saxony (Germany) were chosen as the reference group.A six-page questionnaire served to assess factors of interest and confounding variables. All study subjects were interviewed concerning demographic characteristi...

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confidence: 99%

Human biomonitoring of arsenic and antimony in case of an elevated geogenic exposure.

Gebel

Suchenwirth

Bolten

et al. 1998

Environ Health Perspect

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“…In general, the frequency of excess lung cancer for workers exposed occupationally to trivalent arsenic or to arsenic trioxide has been related directly to their cumulative lifetime arsenic exposure (26). Trivalent arsenic has, finally, been associated in two studies with increased mortality from malignant neoplasms of the lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues (2,30). The number of cases cited in each of these reports is however small, and further evaluation of the possible relationship will be required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational exposure to arsine. An epidemiologic reappraisal of current standards.

Landrigan¹,

Costello²,

Stringer³

1982

Scand J Work Environ Health

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LANDRIGAN PJ, COSTELLO RJ, STRINGER WT. Occupational exposure to arsine: An epidemiologic reappraisal of current standards. Scand j work environ heaLth 8 (1982) 169-177. In an evaluation of chronic occupational exposure to arsine (AsHg), an epidemiologic survey was conducted at a lead-acid battery manufacturing plant. Personal (breathing zone) air samples were obtained for the measurement of exposure to arsine and particulate arsenic (As), and area air samples were also collected for the determination of arsenic trioxide (AS20g) vapor concentrations. For the quantification of arsenic absorption, total arsenic content was determined in duplicate 24-h urine samples. Arsine in 177 breathing-zone air samples ranged from nondetectable to 49 ,ug/m 3 . The highest levels were found in the battery formation area, where arsine is generated by the reaction of battery acid with lead-arsenic alloy. 'Exposures to particulate arsenic (maximum 5.1 ,ug/m 3 ) and to AS20g (maximum 0.44 ,ug/m 3 , expressed as As) were generally lower. Urine analysis showed that eight (20.5 0/0) of 39 production workers had urinary arsenic concentrations (corrected to a specific gravity of 1.024) of 50 ,ug/l (0.67 ,umol/l) or above, indicating increased arsenic absorption. None of eight office staff had elevated urinary arsenic levels. A close correlation was found between urinary arsenic concentration and arsine exposure (N = 47; r = 0.84; P = 0.0001). Arsine levels above 15.6 flg/m 3 were associated with urinary arsenic concentrations in excess of 50 ,ug/l (0.67 flmol/l). No correlation was found between urinary arsenic content and exposures to particulate arsenic or to AS20g. Consumption of neither seafood, red wine, tobacco, nor contaminated drinking Water accounted for urinary arsenic excretion. It was concluded that the current arsine exposure standard, 200 flg/m 3 , fails to prevent chronic increased absorption of trivalent arsenic from the inhalation of arsine.

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“…Both proportionate mortality and cohort studies of pesticide manufacturing workers have shown an excess of lung cancer deaths among exposed persons (Ott et al, 1974;Mabuchi et al, 1979). The study of the population living near a pesticide manufacturing plant revealed that it was also exposed to the risk of lung cancer (Matanoski et al, 1981).…”

Section: Mammalian and Human Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbo-contaminated soils, comprehensive report, December 1999

Hazen¹

2000

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have been cooperating in the development and implementation of innovative environmental remediation technologies since 1995. A major focus of this program has been the demonstration of bioremediation techniques to cleanup the soil and sediment associated with a waste lagoon at the Czechowice Oil Refinery (CZOR) in southern Poland. After an expedited site characterization (ESC), treatability study, and risk assessment study, a remediation system was designed that took advantage of local materials to minimize cost and maximize treatment efficiency. U.S. experts worked in tandem with counterparts from the IETU and CZOR throughout this project to characterize, assess and subsequently, design, implement and monitor a bioremediation system. The CZOR, our industrial partner for this project, was chosen because of their foresight and commitment to the use of new approaches for environmental restoration. This program sets a precedent for Poland in which a portion of the funds necessary to complete the project were provided by the company responsible for the problem. The CZOR was named by PIOS (State Environmental Protection Inspectorate of Poland) as one of the top 80 biggest polluters in Poland. The history of the CZOR dates back more than 100 years to its establishment by the Vacuum Oil Company (a U.S. company and forerunner of Standard Oil). More than a century of continuous use of a sulfuric acid-based oil refining method by the CZOR has produced an estimated 120,000 tons of acidic, highly weathered, petroleum sludge. This waste has been deposited into three open, unlined process waste lagoons, 3 meters deep, now covering 3.8 hectares. Initial analysis indicated that the sludge was composed mainly of high molecular weight paraffinic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The overall objective of this full-scale demonstration project was to characterize, assess and remediate one of these lagoons. The remediation tested and evaluated a combination of U.S. and Polish-developed biological remediation technologies. Specifically, the goal of the demonstration was to reduce the environmental risk from PAH compounds in soil and to provide a green zone (grassy area) adjacent to the site boundary. The site was characterized using the DOE-developed Expedited Site Characterization (ESC) methodology. Based on the results of the ESC, a risk assessment was conducted using established U.S. procedures. Based on the results of the ESC and risk assessment, a 0.3-hectare site, the smallest of the waste lagoons, was selected for a modified aerobic biopile demonstration. This Executive Summary and the supporting report and appendices document the activities and results of this cooperative venture. Site CharacterizationSite Characterization was conducted in the summer of 1996 using DOE-developed Expedited Site Characterization (ESC). ESC makes use of direct push technologies (e.g., cone penetrometer), on-site chemical analysis and real-time data display and interpretation to conduct rapid and efficient site characterization. This ap...

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Respiratory Cancer and Occupational Exposure to Arsenicals

Cited by 178 publications

References 4 publications

Human biomonitoring of arsenic and antimony in case of an elevated geogenic exposure.

Human biomonitoring of arsenic and antimony in case of an elevated geogenic exposure.

Occupational exposure to arsine. An epidemiologic reappraisal of current standards.

Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbo-contaminated soils, comprehensive report, December 1999

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