Respiratory Complications of Influenza

Walker, W.C.; Leckie, W. J. H.; Douglas, Andrew; Pines, A.; Grant, I. W. B.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(58)90762-1

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Hers et al (29,31), Roberts (30), and Walker et al (32) demonstrated that influenza virus can disrupt the respiratory epithelium extending to the alveoli, and in this manner, give free access to the invading staphylococci (29)(30)(31)(32). Several authors have reported antecedent staphylococcal skin lesions in patients with influenza and secondary staphylococcal pneumonia (31,33,34).…”

Section: Aureusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza Infection and Diabetes Mellitus: Case for Annual Vaccination

1990

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Herein, epidemiological data on influenza pneumonia and mortality, results of clinical studies, and the outcome of influenza vaccination trials are reviewed. All excess mortality studies that specify for underlying disease list diabetes as one of the major risk factors. During influenza epidemics, death rates among patients with diabetes mellitus may increase by 5-15%. Diabetes mellitus is also mentioned as a risk factor in most clinical studies, making up 3-14% of the patients studied. Even in recent studies, diabetes mellitus is only preceded as a risk factor by cardiovascular disease and chronic pulmonary disorders. To what extent cardiovascular disease and old age contribute to the increased influenza mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients remains unclear. The influence of epidemic influenza on the incidence of diabetic acidosis in combination with an impaired immune response to both Staphylococcus aureus and the influenza virus suggests that diabetes mellitus itself is the main risk factor. It is concluded that all patients with diabetes mellitus should receive annual vaccinations and that, in official recommendations, patients with diabetes mellitus should be mentioned as a separate risk group. Whole-virus vaccines are preferred over subunit vaccines.

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Section: Aureusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza Infection and Diabetes Mellitus: Case for Annual Vaccination

1990

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“…These include influenza A (Tyrrell, 1952;Walker, Douglas, Leckie, Pines, and Grant, 1958), influenza B (Stark, Heath, and Curwen, 1965), respiratory syncytial virus (Sommerville, 1963;Carilli, Gohd, and Gordon, 1964), and Haemophilus influenzae (Mulder, 1956;Brumfitt, Willoughby, and Bromley, 1957;Lees and McNaught, 1959;Glynn, 1959;Morgan and Wood, 1965). The multiplicity of these reported agents suggests that acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis may be associated with many infections prevalent in the community at the time.…”

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confidence: 99%

Infective agents and chronic bronchitis.

Ross¹,

McMichael²,

Eadie³

et al. 1966

Thorax

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“…Three patients were successfully tided over the period of severe toxicity by use of hypertensive agents. It has been suggested by Walker et al (1958) that the use of steroids in staphylococcal pneumonia is dangerous. Where circulatory collapse is present, however, Oswald et al (1958) recommended that they be used, and in two patients encountered here hydrocortisone proved sufficient to maintain the required blood-pressure where discontinuation of its administration led to reappearance of hypotension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent intensive studies of staphylococcal infections provide much information concerning epidemiology (Williams et al, 1959;Bernsten and McDermott, 1960), drug-resistant strains (Barber et al, 1958 ;Waisbren and Strelitzer, 1959;Lowbury, 1960), efficacy of treatment with various antibiotics (Walker et al, 1958;Lancet, 1960;Kirby et al, 1960;Douthwaite and Trafford, 1960), and radiological features (Gibson and Belcher, 1951;Oswald et al, 1958;Meyers and Jacobson, 1959) where there is lung involvement. Detailed evaluation of the course of treated staphylococcal pneumonia and of the complications encountered has received less generous attention.…”

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confidence: 99%