Respiratory control and sternohyoid muscle structure and function in aged male rats: Decreased susceptibility to chronic intermittent hypoxia

Skelly, J. Richard; Edge, Deirdre; Shortt, Christine M.; Jones, James F.; Bradford, Aidan; O’Halloran, Ken D.

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2011.11.004

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Skelly et al reported CIH-induced upper airway muscle weakness in adult (Skelly et al, 2012a), but not middle-aged rats (Skelly et al, 2012b), the latter finding consistent with a report showing no fibre type or functional effects of CIH on upper airway muscle in middle-aged Zucker rats (Ray et al, 2007). However, there is increased susceptibility to CIH in early life.…”

Section: Cih-induced Upper Airway Muscle Dysfunction Is Sex-dependentsupporting

confidence: 53%

Sex, stress and sleep apnoea: Decreased susceptibility to upper airway muscle dysfunction following intermittent hypoxia in females

O’Halloran

Lewis

McDonald

2017

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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Section: Cih-induced Upper Airway Muscle Dysfunction Is Sex-dependentsupporting

confidence: 53%

Sex, stress and sleep apnoea: Decreased susceptibility to upper airway muscle dysfunction following intermittent hypoxia in females

O’Halloran

Lewis

McDonald

2017

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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“…Overall, these models have been used predominantly to study upper airway anatomy and physiology, including assessment of different medications 53. Interestingly, a recent paper illustrated that aged rats have reduced susceptibility to chronic IH explained by structural remodeling, which improves hypoxic tolerance in upper airway muscles that compensate for the age-related propensity for airway collapse in aged animals 54. This could explain the different phenotype of elderly OSA, showing stability or reduction of severity of the AHI 43…”

Section: Deleterious Effects Of Cih: the Osa Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic intermittent hypoxia and obstructive sleep apnea: an experimental and clinical approach

Sforza¹,

Roche²

2016

118

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder considered as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular consequences, such as systemic arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, cardiac arrhythmias, metabolic disorders, and cognitive dysfunction. The pathogenesis of OSA-related consequence is assumed to be chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) inducing alterations at the molecular level, oxidative stress, persistent systemic inflammation, oxygen sensor activation, and increase of sympathetic activity. Overall, these mechanisms have an effect on vessel permeability and are considered to be important factors for explaining vascular, metabolic, and cognitive OSA-related consequences. The present review attempts to examine together the research paradigms and clinical studies on the effect of acute and chronic IH and the potential link with OSA. We firstly describe the literature data on the mechanisms activated by acute and chronic IH at the experimental level, which are very helpful and beneficial to explaining OSA consequences. Then, we describe in detail the effect of IH in patients with OSA that we can consider “the human model” of chronic IH. In this way, we can better understand the specific pathophysiological mechanisms proposed to explain the consequences of IH in OSA.

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“…27 When the role of intrathoracic effort on the LA and LV wall stretching is considered, it is important to realize that there are mechanical changes in the elderly to prevent upper airway collapse. An experimental study on male rats 28 demonstrated that chronic intermittent hypoxia affects the sternohyoid muscle structure and function in aged male rats, suggesting a structural muscle remodeling that improves hypoxic tolerance with age. In 40 patients with SDB and/or upper airway resistance syndrome and in 116 patients with mild to severe SDB, the respiratory efforts developed to counteract upper airway occlusion decreased with age, suggesting a reduced role of the mechanical thoracic effect on the left atrial and ventricular function in elderly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echocardiographic Findings in Healthy Elderly People with Unrecognized Sleep Disordered Breathing

Sforza

Sabri

Dacosta

et al. 2015

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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Objective: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with cardiovascular disease such as hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy in middle-aged patients; however, this association is not well described in the elderly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of unrecognized SDB on cardiac function and remodeling in a population-based sample of healthy elderly without cardiac disease. Methodology: A total of 405 healthy elderly (age ≥ 65 years) were examined by echocardiography and respiratory polygraphy. According to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), subjects were stratifi ed in four categories: snorers (AHI < 5), mild (AHI: 5-15), moderate (AHI: 15-30), and severe (AHI > 30) cases. Results: Comparative analysis between snorers and SDB cases revealed that left atrial (LA) diameter and surface increased according to SDB severity (p < 0.05) without differences in LA mass index. In subjects with an AHI > 30, an increase was found for LV end-diastolic and end-systolic dimension (p < 0.001), as well as for LV mass (p < 0.03) and LV index (p < 0.05). The current study showed a weak but signifi cant correlation between altered LA and LV measurements versus AHI and hypoxemia indices (p < 0.001). In the regression analysis, AHI and hypoxemia had a minimal effect, body mass index and male gender being the most signifi cant predictors. Conclusions: In a population of healthy elderly with SDB, slight changes in left atrial and ventricular measurements occur in severe cases (AHI > 30). Irrespective of the lack of a strong association between SDB and cardiac dysfunction, the presence of slight cardiac pathology in severe SDB cases might be considered. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT 00759304 and NCT 00766584. Keywords: sleep disordered breathing, hypoxemia, echocardiography, elderly, left cardiac function, obesity Citation: Sforza E, Sabri M, DaCosta A, Isaaz K, Barthélémy JC, Roche F. Echocardiographic fi ndings in healthy elderly people with unrecognized sleep disordered breathing. J Clin Sleep Med 2015;11(9):975-980.pii: jc-00437-14 http://dx.doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.5006 S leep disordered breathing (SDB) is a common disease in adults affecting 9% of women and 24% of men aged 30-60 years, with an even higher prevalence reported in the elderly population.1,2 Several clinical and epidemiological studies have established an association of SDB with increased incidence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, and mortality after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. 3,4 Animal models using intermittent hypoxemia have demonstrated that chronic exposure to hypoxia induces cardiac disturbances including an increase in left ventricular (LV) mass, as well as an interstitial fi brosis in LV myocardium. 5,6An experimental model of intermittent hypoxemia mimics the repetitive nocturnal hypoxemia occurring in SDB patients, inducing increased sympathetic nervous system activity, oxidative stress, systemic infl ammation, 7 elevated cardiac fi lling, hemodynamic overload, and increased ventricular...

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Respiratory control and sternohyoid muscle structure and function in aged male rats: Decreased susceptibility to chronic intermittent hypoxia

Cited by 14 publications

References 65 publications

Sex, stress and sleep apnoea: Decreased susceptibility to upper airway muscle dysfunction following intermittent hypoxia in females

Sex, stress and sleep apnoea: Decreased susceptibility to upper airway muscle dysfunction following intermittent hypoxia in females

Chronic intermittent hypoxia and obstructive sleep apnea: an experimental and clinical approach

Echocardiographic Findings in Healthy Elderly People with Unrecognized Sleep Disordered Breathing

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