Respiratory cryptosporidiosis in two patients with HIV infection in a tertiary care hospital in Morocco

Tali, Abdelali; Addebbous, Amal; Asmama, Souad; Chabaâ, L.; Zougaghi, L.

doi:10.1684/abc.2011.0626

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A 1996 review of pulmonary cryptosporidiosis reported only 57 published cases, 4 and few have been reported since. 5–10 However, a 1995 trial that screened the sputum of AIDS patients with intestinal cryptosporidiosis found that 16% also had Cryptosporidium in sputum samples, 11 and a recent study that used polymerase chain reaction to examine the sputum of HIV-negative children with intestinal cryptosporidiosis found that one-third also had respiratory involvement. 12 These studies indicate that pulmonary cryptosporidiosis may be more common than is widely reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary cryptosporidiosis and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: a case report and review

Sullivan¹,

Reese²,

Huprikar³

et al. 2013

Int J STD AIDS

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary cryptosporidiosis and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: a case report and review

Sullivan¹,

Reese²,

Huprikar³

et al. 2013

Int J STD AIDS

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“…The symptoms associated with this route are respiratory (laryngo-tracheitis) and could be accompanied by mild diarrhea. Reports of cryptosporidial infections of the respiratory tract 80 as well as gastric cryptosporidiosis 81 among immune-deficient and immune-competent individuals have indicated that this protozoan is not restricted only to the gastrointestinal tract rather exhibits extraintestinal tropism. Two reports of respiratory cryptosporidiosis, one in an adult 82 and the other in a 10-year-old child, have been reported in India.…”

Section: Food-and Water-borne and Respiratory Cryptosporidiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving Patterns of Cryptosporidiosis: Issues and Implications in the Context of Public Health in India

Mirdha

2021

ANAMS

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Cryptosporidiosis is one of the major causes of diarrhea in immune-compromised individuals and children besides causing sporadic water-borne, food-borne, and zoonotic outbreaks. In 2016, Cryptosporidium species infection was the fifth leading cause of diarrhea and acute infection causing more than 4.2 million disability-adjusted life years lost besides a decrease in childhood growth. Human cryptosporidiosis is primarily caused by two species/genotype: Cryptosporidium hominis (anthroponotic) and Cryptosporidium parvum (zoonotic) besides other six rare species/genotypes. Transmission intensity, genetic diversity, and occurrence of genetic recombination have shaped the genus Cryptosporidium population structures into palmitic, clonal, and epidemic. Genetic recombination is more in C. parvum compared with C. hominis. Furthermore, parasite–host co-evolution, host adaptation, and geographic segregation have led to the formation of “subtype- families.” Host-adapted subtype-families have distinct geographical distribution and host preferences. Genetic exchanges between subtypes played an important role throughout the evolution of the genus leading to “adaptation introgression” that led to emergence of virulent and hyper-transmissible subtypes. The population structure of C. hominis in India appears to be more complex where both transmission intensity and genetic diversity are much higher. Further, study based on “molecular strain surveillance” has resulted newer insights into the epidemiology and transmission of cryptosporidiosis in India. The identification at the species and genotype levels is essential for the assessment of infection sources in humans and the public health potential of the parasite at large. The results of the study over three decades on cryptosporidiosis in India, in the absence of a national surveillance data, were analyzed highlighting current situation on epidemiology, genetic diversity, and distribution particularly among vulnerable population. Despite creditable efforts, there are still many areas need to be explored; therefore, the intent of this article is to facilitate future research approaches for mitigating the burden associated with this disease.

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“…The estimated prevalence rate of adults (aged 15–49 years) living with HIV infection is one of the lowest in the world (less than 0.1%). In Morocco, although no data are available concerning the incidence of cryptosporidiosis in HIV-infected patients, two respiratory cryptosporidiosis cases were reported in this population under high active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) [ 10 ]. Algeria has a sustained low-level epidemic (prevalence in the general population in Algeria is less than 0.1%), and rates are higher among migrant and mobile populations, according to the national plan to combat sexually transmitted infections/HIV/AIDS for 2020–2024 issued by the Ministry of Health, Hospitals and Population Reform of Algeria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium Infection in HIV/Aids Patients in Algeria

Semmani

Costa

Achour

et al. 2023

Viruses

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The estimated prevalence rate of adults living with HIV infection in MENA is one of the lowest in the world. To date, no data on the genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium isolates from HIV/AIDS patients in Algeria were available. This study aimed to identify Cryptosporidium species and subtype families prevalent in Algerian HIV-infected patients and contribute to the molecular epidemiology mapping of Cryptosporidium in the MENA region. A total of 350 faecal specimens from HIV/AIDS patients were analysed using microscopy, and a Cryptosporidium infection was identified from 33 samples, with 22 isolates successfully sequencing and confirming species and subtypes. Based on sequence analysis, 15 isolates were identified as C. parvum with family subtypes IIa (n = 7) and IId (n = 8), while five were identified as C. hominis (family subtypes Ia (n = 2) and Ib (n = 3)) and two as C. felis. The C. parvum subtype families IIa and IId predominated, suggesting potential zoonotic transmission. More extensive sampling of both humans and farm animals, especially sheep, goats and calves, as well as a collection of epidemiological data are needed for a better understanding of the sources of human C. parvum infections in Algeria.

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Respiratory cryptosporidiosis in two patients with HIV infection in a tertiary care hospital in Morocco

Abstract: Respiratory cryptosporidiosis in two patients with HIV infection in a tertiary care hospital in Morocco Cryptosporidiose respiratoire chez deux patients infectés par le VIH dans un hôpital de soins tertiaire au Maroc

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Pulmonary cryptosporidiosis and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: a case report and review

Pulmonary cryptosporidiosis and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: a case report and review

Evolving Patterns of Cryptosporidiosis: Issues and Implications in the Context of Public Health in India

Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium Infection in HIV/Aids Patients in Algeria

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