Respiratory Disease Associated with Bovine Coronavirus Infection in Cattle Herds in Southern Italy

Decaro, Nicola; Campolo, Marco; Desario, Costantina; Cirone, Francesco; D’Abramo, M.; Lorusso, Eleonora; Greco, Grazia; Mari, Viviana; Colaianni, Maria Loredana; Elia, Gabriella; Martella, Vito; Buonavoglia, Canio

doi:10.1177/104063870802000105

Cited by 70 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…To the authors' knowledge, BVDV has not been previously detected in individual animal nasal swabs from naturally exposed cattle including beef and dairy cattle with clinical BRD, 13,66 and beef calves at feedlot entry. 22,24 The lack of previous reports of BVDV in nasal swabs may be unexpected considering that BVDV is a well-known BRD pathogen.…”

Section: 33mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,17,18 Bovine respiratory syncytial virus has not previously been detected in nasal swabs from beef feedlot cattle over the age of 4 months with 13,35,66,74 or without 22,24 clinical signs of respiratory disease. However, BRSV was present in nasal swabs from 4 out of 616 (0.6%) 3-week-old, clinically normal, Scottish beef and dairy calves 36 and 67-100% of 2-6-month-old calves after experimental infection with BRSV.…”

Section: 33mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of nasal shedding and seroprevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease in Australian live export cattle

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The prevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was investigated in cattle prior to export. A quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect nucleic acids from the following viruses and bacteria in nasal swab samples: Bovine coronavirus (BoCV; Betacoronavirus 1), Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), Bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), Histophilus somni, Mycoplasma bovis, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Pasteurella multocida. Between 2010 and 2012, nasal swabs were collected from 1,484 apparently healthy cattle destined for export to the Middle East and Russian Federation. In addition, whole blood samples from 334 animals were tested for antibodies to BoHV-1, BRSV, BVDV-1, and BPIV-3 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The nasal prevalence of BoCV at the individual animal level was 40.1%. The nasal and seroprevalence of BoHV-1, BRSV, BVDV-1, and BPIV-3 was 1.0% and 39%, 1.2% and 46%, 3.0% and 56%, and 1.4% and 87%, respectively. The nasal prevalence of H. somni, M. bovis, M. haemolytica, and P. multocida was 42%, 4.8%, 13.4%, and 26%, respectively. Significant differences in nasal and seroprevalence were detected between groups of animals from different geographical locations. The results of the current study provide baseline data on the prevalence of organisms associated with BRD in Australian live export cattle in the preassembly period. This data could be used to develop strategies for BRD prevention and control prior to loading. Nasal shedding and seroprevalence of BRD in live export cattle 7 Export of Livestock, Standard 3, http://www.agriculture.gov. au/biosecurity/export/live-animals/advisory-notices/2011/ export_advisory_notice_2011-01). Time in the assembly depot allows the animals to recover from road transport, acclimatize to shipboard rations, and receive any health checks or treatments required by the importing country. However, comingling, handling, and sorting of animals that have been recently transported from multiple farms also provides an ideal environment for transmission of viruses and bacteria between animals in the assembly depot.Viruses implicated in the pathogenesis of BRD include Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), Bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), Bovine coronavirus (BoCV), bovine rhinoviruses, and bovine adenoviruses. Bovine rhinoviruses and adenoviruses probably have only a minimal role in the pathogenesis of BRD, while BoHV-1, BPIV-3, and BRSV are recognized as primary respiratory pathogens, and BVDV-1 as a significant predisposing pathogen (reviewed in previous publications 20,52 ). Since its first isolation in association with respiratory disease in 1993, 67 BoCV has received attention as an emerging BRD pathogen, and is now thought to make a substantial contribution to the development of BRD in feedlot cattle. 59,65Mannheimia haemo...

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Section: 33mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 33mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of nasal shedding and seroprevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease in Australian live export cattle

et al. 2014

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“…Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) has been implicated in respiratory disease in some herds but its importance is still not known (Decaro et al, 2008) In Hungary, only 5 % of BRD calves were positive for H. somni (Szeredi et al, 2010). Along with respiratory disease, it is also responsible for meningitis (TEME) and arthritis (Radostits et al, 2007;Booker et al, 2008;Fulton et al, 2009;Griffin et al, 2010).…”

Section: Enteric Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the welfare of cattle kept for beef production and the welfare in intensive calf farming systems

2012

EFSA Journal

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Information given in previous Opinions "Welfare of cattle kept for beef production" (SCAHAW, 2001) and "The risks of poor welfare in intensive calf farming systems" (EFSA, 2006) is updated and recent scientific evidence on the topics reviewed. Risks of poor welfare are identified using a structured analysis, and issues not identified in the SCAHAW (2001) beef Opinion, especially effects of housing and management on enteric and respiratory diseases are reviewed. The Opinion covers all systems of beef production, although the welfare of suckler cows or breeding bulls is not considered. The Chapter on beef cattle presents new evidence and recommendations in relation to heat and cold stress, mutilations and pain management, digestive disorders linked to high concentrate feeds and respiratory disorders linked to overstocking, inadequate ventilation, mixing of animals and failure of early diagnosis and treatment. Major welfare problems in cattle kept for beef production, as identified by risk assessment, were respiratory diseases linked to overstocking, inadequate ventilation, mixing of animals and failure of early diagnosis and treatment, digestive disorders linked to intensive concentrate feeding, lack of physically effective fibre in the diet, and behavioural disorders linked to inadequate floor space, and co-mingling in the feedlot. Major hazards for white veal calves were considered to be iron-deficiency anaemia, a direct consequence of dietary iron restriction, enteric diseases linked to high intakes of liquid feed and inadequate intake of physically effective fibre, discomfort and behavioural disorders linked to inadequate floors and floor space. © European Food Safety Authority, 2012 KEY WORDSBeef cattle welfare, welfare of calves in intensive farming systems, risk assessment, updates. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) was asked to deliver a Scientific Opinion on the welfare of cattle kept for beef production and of calves in intensive farming systems.The European Commission is in the process of evaluating the European Union policy on animal welfare, taking account of socio-economic and trade issues. The overall aim is to improve the welfare of animals. To this end, the Commission requested EFSA to give an independent view on animalbased measures for the assessment of welfare in cattle, pigs and poultry. Before starting this work for beef cattle and calves, the Commission requested an update of scientific evidence relating to the welfare of cattle kept for beef production and calves in intensive farming systems; in particular, to consider the extent to which the conclusions and recommendations of two previous Scientific Opinions were still valid. These Opinions were the "Welfare of cattle kept for beef production" (SCAHAW, 2001) and "The risks of poor welfare in intensive calf farming systems" (EFSA, 2006).The SCAHAW (2001) Opinion "The Welfare of Cattle kept for Beef Production" differed from EFSA Opinions, in that it did not includ...

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“…BCoV is the causative agent of neonatal calf diarrhoea (CD), winter dysentery (WD) in adult cattle (Alenius et al, 1991;Mebus et al, 1973;Saif et al, 1988) and respiratory tract disorders in cattle of all ages (Cho et al, 2001;Decaro et al, 2008a;Lathrop et al, 2000). This infection is not effectively controlled in the herds by current commercial vaccines (Saif, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary dynamics of bovine coronaviruses: natural selection pattern of the spike gene implies adaptive evolution of the strains

Bidokhti

Tråvén

Krishna

et al. 2013

Journal of General Virology

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Coronaviruses demonstrate great potential for interspecies transmission, including zoonotic outbreaks. Although bovine coronavirus (BCoV) strains are frequently circulating in cattle farms worldwide, causing both enteric and respiratory disease, little is known about their genomic evolution. We sequenced and analysed the full-length spike (S) protein gene of 33 BCoV strains from dairy and feedlot farms collected during outbreaks that occurred from 2002 to 2010 in Sweden and Denmark. Amino acid identities were .97 % for the BCoV strains analysed in this work. These strains formed a clade together with Italian BCoV strains and were highly similar to human enteric coronavirus HECV-4408/US/94. A high similarity was observed between BCoV, canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) and human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43). Molecular clock analysis of the S gene sequences estimated BCoV and CRCoV diverged from a common ancestor in 1951, while the time of divergence from a common ancestor of BCoV and HCoV-OC43 was estimated to be 1899. BCoV strains showed the lowest similarity to equine coronavirus, placing the date of divergence at the end of the eighteenth century. Two strongly positive selection sites were detected along the receptor-binding subunit of the S protein gene: spanning amino acid residues 109-131 and 495-527. By contrast, the fusion subunit was observed to be under negative selection. The selection pattern along the S glycoprotein implies adaptive evolution of BCoVs, suggesting a successful mechanism for BCoV to continuously circulate among cattle and other ruminants without disappearance.

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Respiratory Disease Associated with Bovine Coronavirus Infection in Cattle Herds in Southern Italy

Cited by 70 publications

References 27 publications

Estimation of nasal shedding and seroprevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease in Australian live export cattle

Estimation of nasal shedding and seroprevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease in Australian live export cattle

Scientific Opinion on the welfare of cattle kept for beef production and the welfare in intensive calf farming systems

Evolutionary dynamics of bovine coronaviruses: natural selection pattern of the spike gene implies adaptive evolution of the strains

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