Respiratory Distress Syndrome and The High Risk Mother

Graven, Stanley N.; Misenheimer, Harold R.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1965.02090020491003

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…When preterm delivery and abortion occur, the influence of individual and environmental factors is difficult to assess, but it can be reasonably assumed that genetic factors play an important role in these incidents (3,5). We know that at least four polymorphic genetic systems, i.e., ABO, Rh, haptoglobin, placental alkaline phosphatase, may intervene simultaneously in the selection process that takes place during early intrauterine developnlent and give rise to abortion, and possibly to preterm delivery and neonatal jaundice (5,13). Interactions between these systems can produce pathologic effects in the fetus and in the newborn which are still largely unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transferrin C Subtypes in Extremely Premature Newborn Infants

et al. 1982

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SummaryGenetic typing of serum transferrin was performed in a group of 88 extremely premature infants (gestation age <32 wk) and in a control group of 351 full-term infants, using isoelectric focusing technique on ultrathin layer of polyacrilamide gel. A major incidence bf Cz type was found among the preterm infants when compared to full-term infants X2 = 22,86, (P < 0.001).In view of the previously reported higher incidence of this phenotype in women prone to spontaneous abortion, a selective mechanism associated with this serum transferrin type promoting spontaneous abortion and preterm delivery, seems to occur. The relative risk of preterm delivery were calculated to 1.4 and 8.3 for the Cz-l and Cz types, respectively. Supportive evidence in favour of this hv~othesis is offered bv the correlation existing between ".transferrin Cz allele and placeital alkaline phosphatase;ariant F, the latter being associated with increased risk of spontaneous abortion. SpeculationAssessment of the familial genetic pattern of serum transferrin may result to be a useful procedure for the evaluation of genetic risk of abortion and preterm delivery.The molecular polymorphism of transferrin (Tf), the iron-binding p globulin of the human serum, has been extensively studied by the use of starch gel electrophoresis (9); subsequently, the isoelectric focusing technique has brought evidence of a greater microheterogenity of the most commonly encountered C allele: two transferrin suballeles can be detected with this technique, C, (anodal) and C2 (cathodal) (7,13,14) (Fig. 1).Recently, the Tf suballele Cz was found to have a high incidence in women prone to spontaneous abortion: the relative risk of abortion was found to be 2.3, 1.4, 0.6 for the C2, C2-I, and C I subtypes, respectively (2). The aim of the present study was to investigate on the relationships existing between the transferrin C polymorphism and extremely premature delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODSWe have compared gene frequencies of the Tf C alleles in a group of 88 preterm infants (gestational age <32 wk) and a group of 35 1 term controls taken at random from population of healthy newborn delivered in the same period of time. About 40% of the infants of these two groups originated from the province of Rome, the remaining 60% from the province of Arezzo (Tuscany). It was ascertained that gene frequencies of the Tf alleles are identical in the two provinces and therefore computation was operated regardless of the place of origin.Cord serum samples were obtained at delivery and stored at -20°C before the determination. The informed consent was obtained from the parents.The gestational age was calculated on the basis of the date of the first day of the last menstrual period and on obstetric and neonatal objectivity (8). If discordance aroused between our estimation and that of the mother, the infant was excluded from the study.Four preterm infants were deliberately excluded from this study because preterm delivery was ascribed to specific causes, such as uterus malformation, ac...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transferrin C Subtypes in Extremely Premature Newborn Infants

et al. 1982

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Unsur utama dari surfaktan adalah lesitin, fosfotidilgliserol, apoprotein (surfaktan protein SP-A,B,C,D), dan kolesterol. Dengan pertambahan usia kehamilan, bertambah pula jumlah sintesis fosfolipid dan disimpan di sel alveolar tipe II.…”

Section: 2910unclassified

“…Kelainan tadi menyebabkan terjadinya gangguan ventilasi dan perfusi dalam paru hingga timbul hipoksemia pada bayi. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Pada pemeriksaan akan tampak bayi menderita dispnu dan hiperpnu dengan frekuensi pernafasan lebih dari 60 kali/ menit, sianosis karena saturasi O 2 berkurang, dan terjadi apnu. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Pada kasus yang berat, di sebagian besar (50%-60% ) area paru tidak terjadi perfusi yang akhirnya dapat menyebabkan hipoksia.…”

Section: 2910unclassified

“…Bila afterload ventrikel kanan meningkat, tekanan diastolik akhir ventrikel kanan dan tekanan atrium kanan akan meningkat melebihi tekanan di atrium kiri sehingga darah akan mengalir dari kanan ke kiri melalui foramen ovale. [2][3][4]6,18,21 Manifestasi klinis yang timbul pada HPP biasanya terlihat 6 -12 jam sesudah lahir berupa sianosis ringan sampai berat, kesulitan bernafas, takipnu disertai retraksi dan grunting. Sianosis yang patognomonik pada HPP adalah sianosis diferensial.…”

Section: 2910unclassified

“…Pada auskultasi bisa didapatkan impuls ventrikel kanan yang meningkat, suara jantung ke-dua tunggal dan mengeras, irama galop serta soft regurgitan murmur sistolik. 3,18,[20][21][22] Gambaran radiologis yang sering dijumpai adalah penonjolan segmen main pulmonary artery, kardiomegali ringan, sedangkan EKG pada HPP menunjukkan deviasi ke kanan serta hipertrofi ventrikel kanan, hipertrofi ventrikel kiri dan atrium kiri, dan iskemia miokard . 2,3,18,20 Ekokardiogram dapat memastikan diagnosis dengan ditemukannya struktur jantung normal dengan duktus arteriosus terbuka, foramen ovale, pelebaran ventrikel kanan dan arteri pulmonalis.…”

Section: 2910unclassified

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Kelainan Kardiovaskular pada Sindrom Gawat Nafas Neonatus

Tobing¹

2016

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Sindrom gawat napas neonatus(SGNN) atau respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)merupakan penyebab morbiditas utama pada anak. Sindrom ini paling banyak ditemukanpada BBLR terutama yang lahir pada masa gestasi < 28 minggu. Penyebab terbanyak(SGNN) adalah penyakit membran hialin (PMH) yang terjadi akibat kekurangansurfaktan. Kelainan paru ini membawa akibat pada sistem kardiovaskular sepertiterjadinya pengisian ventrikel kiri yang menurun, penurunan isi sekuncup, curah jantungyang menurun, bahkan dapat terjadi hipotensi sampai syok. Resistensi pembuluh darahparu yang meningkat dapat menimbulkan hipertensi pulmonal persisten. Pada bayiyang sembuh dari PMH dapat terjadi duktus arteriosus persisten (DAP). Pemeriksaanpenunjang radiologis, laboratorium, EKG dan ekokardiografi sangat diperlukan untukmembantu menegakkan diagnosis RDS. Tata laksana penyakit ini sangat tergantungpada tingkat gangguan kardiovaskular yang terjadi.

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A genetic and statistical study of the respiratory distress syndrome

Lankenau

1976

Eur J Pediatr

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The hospital records of 197 infants with the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were reviewed and the families of 111 of them subsequently contacted to obtain a family history. After correcting for biasis of ascertainment, the incidence of RDS among the full sibs was found to be between 12 and 19% depending on whether the individuals diagnosed as "possible RDS" were counted as affected. Among the low birth weight (LBW, less than or equal to 2.5 kg) and/or preterm (less than or equal to 37 weeks gestation) infants in the sibships, the incidence of RDS was 32-50%. Considering only sibs born after the probands yielded the empiric recurrence risk of 17--27% for all younger sibs and 39--67% for LBW/preterm younger sibs. The risk for maternal half-sibs was of about the same magnitude as that for full sibs, while the risk for paternal half-sibs was minimal. Among the LBW/preterm first cousins of probands, only the infants of maternal aunts showed an RDS incidence clearly higher than that in the general population. We think these data suggest a genetically determined maternal factor predisposing the infants of certain mothers to RDS. Other significant findings include: 1) an excess of males among the probands but a normal sex ratio among the sibs of the probands; 2) a decrease in mean birth weight and mean length of gestation for not only the probands but also their sibs; 3) a decrease in the mean parental ages at the birth of the probands; 4) a relative dearth of first-born and an excess of second-born infants among the probands; 5) an increased incidence of stillbirths in the sibships; 6) an increased number of probands born by cesarean section; and 7) a twin concordance of 75%.

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Respiratory Distress Syndrome and The High Risk Mother

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Transferrin C Subtypes in Extremely Premature Newborn Infants

Transferrin C Subtypes in Extremely Premature Newborn Infants

Kelainan Kardiovaskular pada Sindrom Gawat Nafas Neonatus

A genetic and statistical study of the respiratory distress syndrome

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