Respiratory Dysregulation in Anxiety, Functional Cardiac, and Pain Disorders

Wilhelm, Frank H.; Gevirtz, Richard; Roth, Walton T.

doi:10.1177/0145445501254003

Cited by 109 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Sighing may be defined as a tidal volume three times the normal volume and observed as a crescendo on a slow lung volume trace [6,18]. Sighing occurs in healthy individuals and asthmatics, but is more frequent (up to 15 times in a 15 min period) and associated with dyspnoea in those with dysfunctional breathing [8,45,46,61].…”

Section: Periodic Deep Sighingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysfunctional breathing: a review of the literature and proposal for classification

et al. 2016

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Dysfunctional breathing is a term describing breathing disorders where chronic changes in breathing pattern result in dyspnoea and other symptoms in the absence or in excess of the magnitude of physiological respiratory or cardiac disease. We reviewed the literature and propose a classification system for the common dysfunctional breathing patterns described. The literature was searched using the terms: dysfunctional breathing, hyperventilation, Nijmegen questionnaire and thoraco-abdominal asynchrony. We have summarised the presentation, assessment and treatment of dysfunctional breathing, and propose that the following system be used for classification. 1) Hyperventilation syndrome: associated with symptoms both related to respiratory alkalosis and independent of hypocapnia. 2) Periodic deep sighing: frequent sighing with an irregular breathing pattern. 3) Thoracic dominant breathing: can often manifest in somatic disease, if occurring without disease it may be considered dysfunctional and results in dyspnoea. 4) Forced abdominal expiration: these patients utilise inappropriate and excessive abdominal muscle contraction to aid expiration. 5) Thoraco-abdominal asynchrony: where there is delay between rib cage and abdominal contraction resulting in ineffective breathing mechanics.This review highlights the common abnormalities, current diagnostic methods and therapeutic implications in dysfunctional breathing. Future work should aim to further investigate the prevalence, clinical associations and treatment of these presentations. @ERSpublications A review of common abnormalities, current diagnostic methods and therapeutic implications in dysfunctional breathing http://ow.ly/ZTzK6

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Section: Periodic Deep Sighingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysfunctional breathing: a review of the literature and proposal for classification

et al. 2016

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“…Finally, breathing is also regulated by the autonomic nervous system, which commonly is affected by psychological states. Emotional stress associated with anxiety and mental distress, features frequently observed in persons with anorexia nervosa, may affect respiration in multiple ways, for example by altering respiratory rate and expiratory time (Wilhelm et al, 2001;Masaoka and Homma, 1997;Masaoka and Homma, 2001). Given the vital role of respiration in physical processes and its role in maintaining physiological homeostasis, alterations in this system can have diverse effects on bodily functioning, including changes in the circulatory, muscular and nervous systems.…”

Section: Medical Concerns Of Particular Relevance To Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise and physical therapy help restore body and self in clients with severe anorexia nervosa

Kolnes

2017

Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies

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“…Available studies comparing baseline respiratory variables between subjects with PD and those with other ADs yielded mixed results [7,8,9] and, to the best of our knowledge, published systematic reviews or meta-analyses are lacking. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Respiratory Abnormalities Specific for Panic Disorder? A Meta-Analysis

Grassi¹,

Caldirola²,

Chiaro³

et al. 2014

Neuropsychobiology

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Objectives: There is evidence of baseline respiratory abnormalities in panic disorder (PD), but whether they are specific to PD remains unclear. To investigate this issue, we meta-analyzed results from studies comparing baseline respiratory and hematic variables between subjects with PD and subjects with other anxiety disorders. Methods: A literature search in bibliographic databases was performed. Fixed-effects models were applied. Several moderator analyses and publication bias diagnostics were performed. Results: We found: (1) significantly lower mean end-tidal partial pressure of CO₂ (et-pCO₂) in subjects with PD than in those with social phobia (SP) or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and (2) higher mean respiratory rate, lower venous et-pCO₂ and HCO₃^- concentration in subjects with PD than in those with SP. No publication bias was found. Conclusions: Subjects with PD show a condition of baseline hyperventilation when compared to subjects with SP or GAD. Hematic variables suggest that the hyperventilation may be chronic. These results support the idea that baseline respiratory abnormalities are specific to PD pathophysiology. Further studies are needed to clarify whether these abnormalities are related to a malfunction of the respiratory system or to specific cognitive/emotional/behavioral factors in this population.

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Respiratory Dysregulation in Anxiety, Functional Cardiac, and Pain Disorders

Cited by 109 publications

References 86 publications

Dysfunctional breathing: a review of the literature and proposal for classification

Dysfunctional breathing: a review of the literature and proposal for classification

Exercise and physical therapy help restore body and self in clients with severe anorexia nervosa

Are Respiratory Abnormalities Specific for Panic Disorder? A Meta-Analysis

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