Respiratory Effects of Traffic-Related Air Pollution: A Randomized, Crossover Analysis of Lung Function, Airway Metabolome, and Biomarkers of Airway Injury

Zhu, Xinlei; Zhang, Qingli; Du, Xihao; Jiang, Yu-Long; Niu, Yue; Wei, Yongjie; Zhang, Yang; Chillrud, Steven N.; Liang, Donghai; Li, Huichu; Chen, Renjie; Kan, Haidong; Cai, Jing

doi:10.1289/ehp11139

Cited by 13 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 62 publications

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“…Fine particles can irritate the eyes, causing redness, itching and even conjunctivitis. Chronic exposure to exhaust pollutants can lead to suppression of the immune system, making people more susceptible to infections 20,21 . Addressing the health risks posed by exhaust emissions requires collective action at both individual and societal levels.…”

Section: Health Implication Of Air Pollution From Car Fumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution – the silent killer. Public Participation Solutions for Emissions and Health

Weimann

2023

MRAJ

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In the context of a world grappling with the compounding challenges of the climate crises, fuel scarcity, and geopolitical tensions, the discourse around a general speed limit for the German Autobahn has gained unprecedented momentum. Despite Germany's unique absence of a speed limit, the imperatives of climate action and public health are driving the urgency of re-evaluating this tradition. This article engages with the complex intersection of public health, environmental impact, and democratic decision-making to address the compelling case for a speed limit on German highways. Amidst the global call for sustainable solutions, the interdisciplinary nature of this research is paramount. By exploring the intricate relationships between the automotive industry, public health, and environmental degradation, we shed light on the critical role that transportation policies play in shaping our collective future. Our investigation delves into diverse models of public participation, spotlighting the Citizens Assembly as a promising platform for democratic engagement. Beyond mere tokenism, we emphasize the necessity for actionable outcomes that genuinely empower citizens to influence policy directions. A key aspect are the evidence-based recommendations as a way forward in the German speed limit debate. Evidence reveals that public opinion in Germany favours a speed limit. Beyond the ecological gains, we underscore the underappreciated health co-benefits intrinsic to speed reduction—a dimension pivotal in shaping the discourse on comprehensive societal well-being. Progressive action, guided by informed democratic participation, is the cornerstone of sustainable change. We urge Germany to overcome inertia and propose concrete legislative measures that are in line with the aspirations of its citizens and the imperatives of global sustainability. Given the magnitude of the climate emergency, the adoption of pragmatic interventions, including a speed limit, assumes the character of a paramount step forward in Germany's commitment to a greener and healthier future.

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Section: Health Implication Of Air Pollution From Car Fumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution – the silent killer. Public Participation Solutions for Emissions and Health

Weimann

2023

MRAJ

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Respiratory Benefits of Multisetting Air Purification in Children

Lei,

Sun,

Chen

et al. 2024

JAMA Pediatr

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ImportanceParticulate matter exposure has been linked to impaired respiratory health in children, but the respiratory benefits of air purification have not been fully elucidated.ObjectivesTo assess the respiratory health outcomes among children exposed to multisetting air purification vs sham purification.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cluster randomized, double-blind, crossover trial was conducted among healthy school-aged children (10-12 years) in China from April to December 2021. Data were analyzed from December 2021 to July 2024.InterventionsA multisetting (both in classrooms and bedrooms) air purification intervention compared with sham purification in a 2-stage intervention with more than 2 months (76 days) for each period and a washout period (88 days) to estimate the respiratory benefits of air purification.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were pulmonary function, airway inflammation markers, and metabolites in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) before and after the air purification intervention. Linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the respiratory benefits of children related to air purification. Differential metabolites in EBC were identified using metabolomics analysis to explore their possible mediation roles.ResultsA total of 79 children (38 male [48%]; mean [SD] age, 10.3 [0.5] years) were included in the statistical analyses. During the study period, the mean (SD) concentration of outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at the school site was 32.53 (24.06) μg/m3. The time-weighted personal PM2.5 concentration decreased by 45.14% during the true air purification period (mean [SD], 21.49 [8.72] μg/m3) compared with the sham air purification period (mean [SD], 39.17 [14.25] μg/m3). Air purification improved forced expiratory volume in 1 second by 8.04% (95% CI, 2.15%-13.93%), peak expiratory flow by 16.52% (95% CI, 2.76%-30.28%), forced vital capacity (FVC) by 5.73% (95% CI, 0.48%-10.98%), forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of FVC by 17.22% (95% CI, 3.78%-30.67%), maximal expiratory flow at 75% of FVC by 14.60% (95% CI, 0.35%-28.85%), maximal expiratory flow at 50% of FVC by 17.86% (95% CI, 3.65%-32.06%), and maximal expiratory flow at 25% of FVC by 18.22% (95% CI, 1.73%-34.70%). Fractional exhaled nitric oxide in the true air purification group decreased by 22.38% (95% CI, 2.27%-42.48%). Several metabolites in EBC (eg, L-tyrosine and β-alanine) were identified to mediate the effect of air purification on respiratory health.Conclusions and RelevanceThis randomized clinical trial provides robust and holistic evidence that indoor air purification notably improved pulmonary health in children, highlighting the importance of intensified indoor air purification in regions with high air pollution levels.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04835337.

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A neuro-fuzzy model to predict respiratory disease hospitalizations arising from the effects of traffic-related air pollution in São Paulo

Santana,

Miranda,

Rosa

et al. 2024

Clean Techn Environ Policy

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Respiratory Effects of Traffic-Related Air Pollution: A Randomized, Crossover Analysis of Lung Function, Airway Metabolome, and Biomarkers of Airway Injury

Cited by 13 publications

References 62 publications

Air pollution – the silent killer. Public Participation Solutions for Emissions and Health

Air pollution – the silent killer. Public Participation Solutions for Emissions and Health

Respiratory Benefits of Multisetting Air Purification in Children

A neuro-fuzzy model to predict respiratory disease hospitalizations arising from the effects of traffic-related air pollution in São Paulo

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