Respiratory Fitness and Mental Health in Patients Who Had Undergoing Open Heart Surgery: A Preliminary Observational Study

Anxiety and Depression Symptomatology Related to Inspiratory Muscle Strength and Functional Capacity in Preoperative Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Preliminary Cross-sectional Study

“…Poor inspiratory muscle strength (IMS), functional capacity (FC), and psychological health (e.g., symptoms of anxiety, depression) are associated with adverse outcomes after open heart surgery (OHS) and are risk factors for post-surgical morbidity and mortality. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] FC is the ability to perform regular activities requiring aerobic metabolism and is a combination of an individual's performance and cardiovascular, respiratory, and skeletal muscle health. 12 Decreased IMS and FC (as assessed with the 6-minute walk test, 6-MWT) have been observed in patients after operative cardiac surgery.…”

“…12 Decreased IMS and FC (as assessed with the 6-minute walk test, 6-MWT) have been observed in patients after operative cardiac surgery. [5][6][7][8] Respiratory muscle dysfunction and the loss of ability to generate force in patients with OHS leads to pulmonary complications such as breathlessness, impaired airway clearance, and poor pulmonary ventilation. 13,14 Therefore, these factors should be assessed and treated before OHS to prevent poor respiratory muscle function and pulmonary ventilation.…”