Respiratory Function and Blood Flow in the Bronchial Artery After Ligation of the Pulmonary Artery

Bloomer, William E.; Harrison, W. D.; Lindskog, Gustaf E.; Liebow, Averill A.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1949.157.2.317

Cited by 108 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Although it has been suggested that the increased bronchial blood flow could augment gas exchange, the fact that the bronchial artery is perfused with fully oxygenated systemic arterial blood makes this unlikely [50]. In a chronic study in dogs, after ligation of the left pulmonary artery, oxygen uptake (V' O 2 ) and carbon dioxide elimination (V'CO 2 ) from the left lung was 11 and 15% of the total, respectively [51].…”

Section: Angiogenesis After Occlusion Of a Pulmonary Arterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchial vascular congestion and angiogenesis

Charan

Baile²,

Paré³

1997

Eur Respir J

106

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The bronchial vasculature is the systemic arterial blood supply to the lung. Although small relative to the pulmonary blood flow, the bronchial vasculature serves important functions and is modified in a variety of pulmonary and airway diseases.Congestion of the bronchial vasculature may narrow the airway lumen in inflammatory airway diseases, and formation of new bronchial vessels (angiogenesis) is implicated in the pathology of a variety of chronic inflammatory, infectious and ischaemic pulmonary diseases. The remarkable ability of the bronchial vasculature to remodel has implications for disease pathogenesis.The contributions of the bronchial vasculature to the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease are reviewed in this article. Eur Respir J 1997; 10: 1173-1180. The bronchial circulation is ideally situated to play an important role in lung defence and in the pathogenesis of a number of airway diseases. The bronchial microvasculature provides nutrient blood flow to the airway epithelium and is important for proper functioning of the mucociliary escalator. Bronchial blood flow is responsive to changes in neural and humoral stimuli and plays a role in conditioning of inspired air. The focus of this review is the potential involvement of the bronchial vasculature in contributing to the pathogenesis of a variety of airway diseases. In particular, we have focused on the possibility of airway narrowing as a consequence of bronchial vascular congestion, and the remarkable proliferative capacity of the bronchial vessels in response to a variety of pulmonary diseases. Bronchial vascular congestionHyperaemia of the bronchial vasculature is often included in descriptions of the pathology of asthma. An example of hyperaemia of the bronchial vasculature is shown in figure 1. This photomicrograph shows a crosssection of a human airway from a patient who died of asthma. The apparent increase in the size and number of vessels inside and outside the smooth muscle layer is clearly visible, suggesting that vascular dilation and proliferation (angiogenesis) could be important components of the airway wall remodelling in asthmatic patients. The airway vasculature is of considerable interest in asthma because it can contribute to the excessive airway narrowing, which is characteristic of this disease. A diagram of an airway ( fig. 2) illustrates the two bronchial vascular plexuses: the peribronchial plexus, located in the adventitial space between the muscle and the surrounding lung parenchyma; and the submucosal vascular plexus, located beneath the epithelial layer. Dilation, exudation or transudation from these vessels could contribute to the excessive airway narrowing observed in asthma. Relaxation of the bronchial vascular smooth muscle and/or an increase in the intravascular pressure will lead to congestion of these vessels. This bronchial vascular congestion could result in a reduction in the area of the airway lumen and/or an increase in the outer diameter of the airway. The latter effect could uncouple the airway smoo...

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Section: Angiogenesis After Occlusion Of a Pulmonary Arterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchial vascular congestion and angiogenesis

Charan

Baile²,

Paré³

1997

Eur Respir J

106

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“…Efforts have been made to measure the volume rate of flow through such vessels (13)(14)(15)(16)(17). These physiologic studies have been predominantly oriented toward the assessment of the hemodynamic burden which is imposed upon the left heart by the systemic contribution to pulmonary blood flow.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During recent years, considerable insight has been gained into potential errors which attend the application of the Fick principle to the measurement of blood flow even under ideal experimental circumstances (20)(21)(22). The indirect applications have exaggerated these sources of error in several major respects: 1) the use of serial rather than simultaneous sampling of the inter-related blood and gas phases; 2) the existence of fluctuating levels of anesthesia; and 3) the administration of 100 per cent oxygen to fix the oxygen content of pulmonary venous blood in a situation where the quantity of dissolved oxygen cannot be accurately predicted (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Effective” Pulmonary Collateral Blood Flow in Man1

Fishman¹,

Turino²,

Brandfonbrener³

et al. 1958

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…By 2 months, the atelectasis resolves and lung volume returns to normal [11]. Nevertheless, 3 months or more postligation, ventilation of the affected lung remains reduced [12,13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in postobstructive pulmonary vasculopathy

Kelly

Bates²,

Michel³

1995

Eur Respir J

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R Re es sp pi ir ra at to or ry y m me ec ch ha an ni ic cs s a an nd d g ga as s e ex xc ch ha an ng ge e i in n p po os st to ob bs st tr ru uc ct ti iv ve e p pu ul lm mo on na ar ry y v va as sc cu ul lo op pa at th hy y ABSTRACT: Chronic unilateral pulmonary artery ligation induces formation of new bronchial collateral vessels in the affected lung. These vessels form precapillary anastomoses with the pulmonary circulation and the lung is perfused with arterial blood. Inspired gas is diverted to the contralateral lung to maintain the ventilation/ perfusion ratio (VA/Q) and gas exchange. This study was designed to determine the mechanism responsible for this shift of ventilation, which has not previously been investigated. We studied six dogs, before and 6 months after ligation of the left main pulmonary artery. We measured pulmonary resistance (RL) and elastance (EL), minute ventilation (VE), O 2 consumption (VO 2 ) and CO 2 production (VCO 2 ) of the right and left lungs. We also examined the effect of CO 2 , atropine and isoproterenol on RL and EL.In the lung with ligated pulmonary artery: 1) VE was significantly reduced; 2) RL and EL were increased and were unresponsive to CO 2 , atropine and isoproterenol; and 3) VO 2 decreased more than VCO 2 and, consequently, respiratory quotient (RQ) was greater than 1.We conclude that, with chronic pulmonary artery obstruction, ventilation shifts to the contralateral lung because of an increase in RL and EL not related to airway smooth muscle tone.

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Respiratory Function and Blood Flow in the Bronchial Artery After Ligation of the Pulmonary Artery

Cited by 108 publications

References 0 publications

Bronchial vascular congestion and angiogenesis

Bronchial vascular congestion and angiogenesis

The “Effective” Pulmonary Collateral Blood Flow in Man1

Respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in postobstructive pulmonary vasculopathy

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