Respiratory Function in Relation to Facial Morphology and the Dentition

Abstract

The findings are based on a study of 81 mouth-breathing patients with hypertrophic adenoid vegetations where adenoidectomy was performed. These patients have been compared with a similar number of control cases with the same sex and ages but without any nasal obstruction problems. A 5-year follow-up study on the same material has also been carried out. The results have shown that Children who had difficulties in nasal breathing were characterized by increases in both the lower and total facial heights; the sagittal depth of the bony nasopharynx was less; the tongue had a lower position; the upper arch was narrow; the upper and lower incisors were retroclined; the palatal vault was of normal height; there was a cross-bite or tendency towards cross-bite, a tendency towards open bite and normal antero-posterior relationship between upper and lower jaws. After adenoidectomy there was a normalization of the inclination of the upper and lower incisors, of the upper arch width, of the sagittal depth of the bony nasopharynx and of the inclination of the mandibular plane to the maxilla. The mechanism behind these changes is discussed. The results support the theory that disturbed nasal respiration can affect both facial morphology and the dentition.

Inconsistencies in the Differential Diagnosis of Open Bite

“…[38][39][40][41][42] Accordingly, such a hyperdivergency is considered functional rather than morphogenetic. This kind of hyperdivergency is considered reversible because the MP angle can be decreased by eliminating causative factors during the early growth period.…”

Transverse craniofacial dimensions in Angle Class II, Division 1 malocclusion according to breathing mode

“…1,2 These individuals also present the long face or adenoid facies syndrome, showing an elongation of the inferior facial height, slightly open lips, narrow maxillary arch, deep palate and Class II malocclusion. 3,4 However, these clinical signs have been queried, since not all individuals who presented them were predominantly mouth breathers, and this facial type could also be a congenital trait, not necessarily related to the breathing mode.…”

Padrão morfológico e características oclusais de crianças respiradoras bucais após cirurgia para hipertrofia de tonsilas

“…No exame ortodôntico, por meio dos exames clínicos, extra e intra-oral e análise de modelos, pode-se evidenciar também o comprometimento da musculatura facial com hipotonia, ausência de selamento labial, alteração na postura da cabeça e coluna cervical, narinas estreitas, olheiras, face alongada com terço inferior mais evidente, gengivite marginal nos incisivos, estreitamento da arcada superior e/ou inferior, palato em ogiva, mordida aberta anterior, mordida cruzada posterior, alteração na posição dos incisivos, distância entre molares e caninos alterada, relação distal de molares e overjet aumentado (Linder -Aronson, 1970, 1979Bresolin et al, 1983Bresolin et al, , 1984Moreira, 1989;Ung et al, 1990;Warren, 1990;Hulcrantz et al, 1991;Aragão, 1991;Tourné, 1991;Gross et al, 1994;Oulis et al, 1994;Tourne e Schweiger, 1996;Zucconi et al, 1999;Weider et al, 2003;Arun et al, 2003;Lessa et al, 2005;Sousa et al, 2005;Peltomaki, 2007;Góis et al, 2008 (Subtelny, 1980). Conseqüentemente, esses indivíduos seriam mais facilmente afetados com mudanças no padrão respiratório, acarretando maiores seqüelas ao Sistema Estomatognático (Hiyama et al, 2003).…”

“…Conceituados trabalhos mostram que a mandíbula cresce numa direção mais horizontal (Behlfelt et al, 1990;Agren et al, 1998), havendo melhora na inclinação dos incisivos superiores e inferiores, nas alturas faciais verticais anteriores e posteriores, na largura do arco superior, correção de mordidas abertas e mordidas cruzadas, alteração na profundidade sagital do espaço nasofaríngeo e da inclinação do plano mandibular (Linder-Aronson, 1979;Hulcrantz et al, 1991;Agren et al, 1998;Weider et al, 2003). (Valera et al, 2006), pois ocorre adequação dos padrões funcionais do Sistema Estomatognático (Junqueira et al, 2002).…”

“…Trask e Shapiro em 1987, não observaram diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos de crianças respiradoras bucais alérgicas e não alérgicas de 5 a 14 anos de idade, quanto à classificação de Angle e quanto ao relacionamento transversal dos arcos dentários. Linder-Aronson (1979) observou no grupo experimental que um ano após a tonsilectomia, aumentou a largura entre os primeiros molares superiores. Após cinco anos, a normalização dos arcos pôde ser constatada, assemelhando-se a média do grupo controle.…”