Respiratory Function of Hemoglobin: From Origin to Human Physiology and Pathophysiology

Hsia, Connie C. W.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-73387-2_40

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

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“…115 In summary, RBCs and their Hb content coordinate allosteric interactions with multiple respiratory gases and optimize their transport to and from the tissues via modulation of regional perfusion, vasomotor response, diffusive exchange, and antioxidation, leading to dynamic regional adjustments of O 2 and nutrient supply satisfying local tissue requirements. [33][34][35] The major functions of RBCs are listed in ►Fig. 9.…”

Section: The Hcomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a highly orchestrated process as the RBCs dynamically sense the metabolic status and energy demands of surrounding tissue, differentially release O 2 in concert with the reciprocal uptake of CO 2 from tissue, react with nitrogenous compounds such as NO to effect vasoregulation, and carry the chemical signals via venous blood flow back to the lung, heart, and brainstem respiratory center, thereby coordinating neuro-humoral feedback adjustments in respiratory drive, pulmonary O 2 uptake, cardiovascular hemodynamics, and peripheral microvascular tone. 33,34 At a given cardiac output and CaO 2 , the size, shape, deformability, Hb content, distribution, and metabolic state of the RBCs determine their interaction with local microvasculature and consequently the efficiency of O 2 offloading. The metabolic state of the RBCs, and the allosteric interactions of O 2 and CO 2 with Hb, allow RBCs to gauge the metabolic needs of tissue and respond by fine-tuning the off-loading of O 2 .…”

Section: Unloading Oxygen From Red Blood Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35,36 These rapid Hb-mediated regional responses optimize both O 2 uptake in the lung and O 2 release in the periphery. The critical role of RBCs in regulating gas exchange is reviewed in detail elsewhere 33,34 and summarized below.…”

Section: Unloading Oxygen From Red Blood Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Unloading Oxygen From Red Blood Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tissue Perfusion and Diffusion and Cellular Respiration: Transport and Utilization of Oxygen

Hsia

2023

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

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This article provides an overview of the journey of inspired oxygen after its uptake across the alveolar–capillary interface, and the interplay among tissue perfusion, diffusion, and cellular respiration in the transport and utilization of oxygen. The critical interactions between oxygen and its facilitative carriers (hemoglobin in red blood cells and myoglobin in muscle cells), and with other respiratory and vasoactive molecules (carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, and carbon monoxide), are emphasized to illustrate how this versatile system dynamically optimizes regional convective transport and diffusive gas exchange. The rates of reciprocal gas exchange in the lung and the periphery must be well-matched and sufficient for meeting the range of energy demands from rest to maximal stress but not excessive as to become toxic. The mobile red blood cells play a vital role in matching tissue perfusion and gas exchange by dynamically regulating the controlled uptake of oxygen and communicating regional metabolic signals across different organs. Intracellular oxygen diffusion and facilitation via myoglobin into the mitochondria, and utilization via electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, are summarized. Physiological and pathophysiological adaptations are briefly described. Dysfunction of any component across this integrated system affects all other components and elicits corresponding structural and functional adaptation aimed at matching the capacities across the entire system and restoring equilibrium under normal and pathological conditions.

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