Respiratory heat loss of Holstein cows in a tropical environment

Maia, Alex Sandro Campos; daSilva, Roberto Gomes; Loureiro, Cíntia Maria Battiston

doi:10.1007/s00484-004-0244-0

Cited by 46 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The model that included a quadratic relationship of TMP (Equation 6) explained more variability of FWI than the model including a linear (Equation 5) relationship (τ 2 change = -75 vs. -41%, respectively). The link between FWI and TMP is consistent with the quadratic relationship of TMP (i.e., 10 to 36°C) and respiratory cutaneous water loses from Holstein cows (Campos Maia et al, 2005. When evaluated with data used for model development, predicted and observed FWI were in a close agreement ( Figure 2B) and had RMSPE of 12.8% indicating the model parameters would be fairly representative of true relationship of FWI to DMI, DM%, and TMP.…”

Section: Dry Cow Modelssupporting

confidence: 67%

Prediction of drinking water intake by dairy cows

Appuhamy

Judy

Kebreab

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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Mathematical models that predict water intake by drinking, also known as free water intake (FWI), are useful in understanding water supply needed by animals on dairy farms. The majority of extant mathematical models for predicting FWI of dairy cows have been developed with data sets representing similar experimental conditions, not evaluated with modern cows, and often require dry matter intake (DMI) data, which may not be routinely available. The objectives of the study were to (1) develop a set of new empirical models for predicting FWI of lactating and dry cows with and without DMI using literature data, and (2) evaluate the new and the extant models using an independent set of FWI measurements made on modern cows. Random effect meta-regression analyses were conducted using 72 and 188 FWI treatment means with and without dietary electrolyte and daily mean ambient temperature (TMP) records, respectively, for lactating cows, and 19 FWI treatment means for dry cows. Milk yield, DMI, body weight, days in milk, dietary macro-nutrient contents, an aggregate milliequivalent concentration of dietary sodium and potassium (NaK), and TMP were used as potential covariates to the models. A model having positive relationships of DMI, dietary dry matter (DM%), and CP (CP%) contents, NaK, and TMP explained 76% of variability in FWI treatment means of lactating cows. When challenged on an independent data set (n = 261), the model more accurately predicted FWI [root mean square prediction error as a percentage of average observed value (RMSPE%) = 14.4%] compared with a model developed without NaK and TMP (RMSPE% = 17.3%), and all extant models (RMSPE% ≥ 15.7%). A model without DMI included positive relationships of milk yield, DM%, NaK, TMP, and days in milk, and explained 63% of variability in the FWI treatment means and performed well (RMSPE% = 17.9%), when challenged on the independent data. New models for dry cows included positive relationships of DM% and TMP along with DMI or body weight. The new models with and without DMI explained 75 and 54% of the variability in FWI treatment means of dry cows and had RMSPE% of 12.8 and 15.2%, respectively, when evaluated with the literature data. The study offers a set of empirical models that can assist in determining drinking water needs of dairy farms.

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Section: Dry Cow Modelssupporting

confidence: 67%

Prediction of drinking water intake by dairy cows

Appuhamy

Judy

Kebreab

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…These mechanisms consisted of radiation, convection, conduction, and evaporation (Hall, 2015). The efficiency of the first three heat loss mechanisms depended on a temperature gradient between the animal and the environment (Campos Maia et al, 2005;Maia et al, 2008;Hall, 2015;Maia et al, 2015). However, the daytime HTa of tropical was close to the body temperature of dairy ruminant (Saipin et al, 2020a;Thammacharoen et al, 2021) and this limited the efficiency of radiation, convection, and conduction.…”

Section: High Ambient Temperature and Physiological Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These observations suggested that evaporation was the main heat loss mechanism of dairy ruminants. This mechanism exists in both the respiratory system and the sweat gland and the water is required to evaporate the heat out of the body (Campos Maia et al, 2005;Robertshaw, 2006;Maia et al, 2008;Maia et al, 2015). In dairy goats, the response of the respiratory system was mainly responsible for the evaporative heat loss mechanism (Robertshaw, 2006).…”

Section: High Ambient Temperature and Physiological Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tropical climate was a year-round HTa and high relative humidity (RH) which caused a high temperature humidity index (THI) (Saipin et al, 2020a;Thammacharoen et al, 2021). This climate limited the evaporative heat loss and exacerbated the effect of HTa (Campos Maia et al, 2005;Maia et al, 2016), then, the milk production of dairy ruminants fed under tropical is susceptible to the negative effect of HTa. The heat-induced hypophagia was previously proposed to limit the nutrient supply which could indirectly affect the mammary gland function (Lu, 1989;Rhoads et al, 2009;Xiao et al, 2020).…”

Section: High Ambient Temperature and Milk Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of high dose ascorbic acid and high dcad administration on oxidative stress and mammary gland function of dairy goat fed under tropical condition

Semsirmboon

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High ambient temperature (HTa) increased the respiration rate (RR) and rectal temperature (Tr) of dairy goats. The excess response resulted in acid-base imbalance, electrolyte imbalance, and systemic oxidative which could indirectly affect the mammary gland. Besides, HTa did directly alter cell function, and this has been proposed to be mediated by oxidative stress. We previously showed that high dietary cation and anion differences (DCAD) could decrease the HTa effect. In dairy cows, a high dose ascorbic acid (Asc) has been used to decrease oxidative stress. Then, It was hypothesized whether mammary gland function could be altered when the HTa was alleviated by DCAD and Asc supplements. This current study consisted of two main experiments. The first aimed to investigate the Asc supplement protocol in dairy goats while the second was planned to investigate the hypothesis. The first and second experiments were carried out on six non-lactating goats and twelve lactating goats, respectively. During these experiments, the ambient condition, RR, and Tr were measured three times a day, at 0600, 1300, and 1800. All samples were collected at 1500 of both experiments. In the first experiment, goats were intravenously supplemented with vehicle and Asc on the last two days of the experiment and only blood samples were used to analyze blood gas, electrolytes, and oxidative stress. In the second experiment, goats were randomly assigned to control and DCAD groups which were fed with the control diet and a high DCAD diet for 8 weeks. The protocol of Asc supplement was done on the last two days of the 4th and 8th weeks of the experimental period. On these supplemented days, blood and urine were collected to measure blood gas, electrolytes, and renal function, while both milk composition and plasma oxidative stress were measured only on the 8th of the experimental period. The ambient condition showed that all goats were fed under HTa, while an increased RR and Tr indicated heat dissipation. In the first experiment, Asc tended to decrease hematocrits which might be mediated by depleted oxidative stress. Then, this protocol was then used in the second experiment. On the 4th week of the second experiment, RR, blood pH and bicarbonate were higher in the DCAD group compared with the control group. These DCAD effects were no longer observed on the 8th week of this study when fraction excretion of electrolyte was increased in the DCAD group. The presence of both supplements synergistically depleted plasma creatinine and malondialdehyde. The depletion of plasma malondialdehyde was observed with the alteration of milk composition. Based on these data, the high DCAD and high dose Asc synergistically increased body water�but decreased oxidative stress. The depletion of oxidative stress altered the mammary gland function of dairy goats. Therefore, the presence of high DCAD and high dose Asc supplement did synergistically alleviate the HTa effect on mammary gland function of lactating goat fed under tropical condition.

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Heat Exchange Between Animals and Environment: Mammals and Birds

Silva

Maia

2012

Principles of Animal Biometeorology

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Respiratory heat loss of Holstein cows in a tropical environment

Cited by 46 publications

References 10 publications

Prediction of drinking water intake by dairy cows

Prediction of drinking water intake by dairy cows

The effect of high dose ascorbic acid and high dcad administration on oxidative stress and mammary gland function of dairy goat fed under tropical condition

Heat Exchange Between Animals and Environment: Mammals and Birds

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