Respiratory mechanics in men following a deep air dive

Catron, PW; Bertoncini, JM; Layton, RP; Bradley, Michael E.; Flynn, ET

doi:10.1152/jappl.1986.61.2.734

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Several studies showed that dry chamber dives using air as a breathing gas did not reveal significant changes in expiratory flows or volumes up to 24 h after simulated depths of 39-87 m [16][17][18][19]. However, a temporary decrease in the diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was shown [17], reaching a maximum at 20 min post-dive, which was significantly correlated with venous gas microbubbles detected using Doppler ultrasound.…”

Section: Short-term Effects Of Diving On Lung Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short- and long-term effects of diving on pulmonary function

Tetzlaff

Thomas

2017

Eur Respir Rev

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@ERSpublicationsThe effects of diving on pulmonary function largely depend on factors associated with the individual diving response http://ow.ly/aIFS3095WNnCite this article as: Tetzlaff K, Thomas PS. Short-and long-term effects of diving on pulmonary function. ABSTRACT The diving environment provides a challenge to the lung, including exposure to high ambient pressure, altered gas characteristics and cardiovascular effects on the pulmonary circulation. Several factors associated with diving affect pulmonary function acutely and can potentially cause prolonged effects that may accumulate gradually with repeated diving exposure. Evidence from experimental deep dives and longitudinal studies suggests long-term adverse effects of diving on the lungs in commercial deep divers, such as the development of small airways disease and accelerated loss of lung function. In addition, there is an accumulating body of evidence that diving with self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) may not be associated with deleterious effects on pulmonary function. Although changes in pulmonary function after single scuba dives have been found to be associated with immersion, ambient cold temperatures and decompression stress, changes in lung function were small and suggest a low likelihood of clinical significance. Recent evidence points to no accelerated loss of lung function in military or recreational scuba divers over time. Thus, the impact of diving on pulmonary function largely depends on factors associated with the individual diving exposure. However, in susceptible subjects clinically relevant worsening of lung function may occur even after single shallow-water scuba dives.

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Section: Short-term Effects Of Diving On Lung Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short- and long-term effects of diving on pulmonary function

Tetzlaff

Thomas

2017

Eur Respir Rev

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“…A post-dive decrease of pulmonary diusing capacity has been found to be associated with pulmonary microembolization by nitrogen bubbles that have been liberated from supersaturated tissues after decompression from a hyperbaric air atmosphere (Dujic et al 1993; Thorsen et al 1995). Evidence of changes in lung volumes and¯ow rates after a single scuba dive is contradictory: a variety of studies on lung function in divers after simulated dry chamber dives having failed to detect signi®cant changes (Catron et al 1986;Dujic et al 1993; Thorsen et al 1995). In the ®rst hours after open-sea bounce dives however, signi®cant decreases of expiratory volumes and¯ows were obtained and factors related to immersion and increased breathing resistance were considered to have contributed to these respiratory changes (Skogstad et al 1996) A recent study on subjects signi®cant changes in post-dive lung function after 3 and 24 h (Tetzla et al 1999), indicating that exposure to immersion and depth alone may not necessarily cause signi®cant subacute respiratory eects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ambient cold and depth on lung function in humans after a single scuba dive

Tetzlaff

Friege

Koch³

et al. 2001

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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This study evaluated the subacute respiratory effects of diving, to try to separate the effects of ambient temperature from those of depth. In the first experiment 10 healthy men made a compressed-air dive to 50 m that exposed them to cold. They were compared with 10 matched control subjects who underwent the same dive profile but were exposed to a comfortable temperature. In the second experiment 16 healthy subjects made randomized cold dives to both 50 m and 10 m. Pulmonary function tests were made before, after 1 h, and 24 h after the dives. In the first experiment there was an increase in residual volume (P < 0.05) and a decrease in forced expiratory volume at 1 s (FEV1), in forced vital capacity (FVC) and in mid-expiratory flow at 75% of FVC (MEF75) 1 h after the cold dives (P < 0.05). In the second experiment significant increases in specific airways resistance (sR(AW)) (P < 0.05) and decreases in FEV1 (P<0.01), in MEF75 (P<0.05), and in mid-expiratory flow at 25% of FVC (P<0.05), were obtained after the 50 m-dives, whereas SR(AW) increased after the 10 m-dives (P<0.05). The respiratory pattern observed 1 h after cold dives to 50 m indicated airway narrowing. The changes after cold dives to 10 m, however, were of minor magnitude. Both cold and depth seemed to contribute to the adverse effects of a single compressed-air dive on pulmonary function.

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“…10 for a review]. Static lung volumes were found to increase whereas dynamic lung volumes decrease after diving [11,12]. Moreover, breathing cold and dry air from a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus may worsen respiratory function [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atopy, Airway Reactivity and Compressed Air Diving in Males

Tetzlaff¹,

Neubauer²,

Reuter³

et al. 1998

Respiration

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A decline in expiratory flow rates in divers has recently been attributed to chronic exposure to hyberbaric air. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to stimuli due to a hyperbaric environment may play a certain role in this context. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of AHR in compressed air divers and to assess the value of bronchial challenges for prediction of fitness to dive. A cross-sectional sample of 59 healthy male volunteers – 28 divers and 31 diving candidates (controls) – who had been found fit to dive in a diving medical examination underwent additional allergy screening (skin prick and serum IgE) and a histamine bronchial challenge. Pre- and postchallenge body plethysmography was completed to assess AHR. AHR to histamine was significantly increased among divers and positively related to diving experience whereas divers and controls did not differ significantly with respect to age, anthropometric data, current smoking habits, skin prick reaction, and elevated serum IgE. Our results indicate an increased prevalence of AHR to nonspecific inhalation stimuli in experienced divers. Bronchial challenge tests may be helpful to detect asthmatics in the medical assessment of fitness to dive and for follow-up examinations during a diver’s career.

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Respiratory mechanics in men following a deep air dive

Cited by 12 publications

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Short- and long-term effects of diving on pulmonary function

Short- and long-term effects of diving on pulmonary function

Effects of ambient cold and depth on lung function in humans after a single scuba dive

Atopy, Airway Reactivity and Compressed Air Diving in Males

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