Respiratory modulation of cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity

Abstract

Tzeng YC, Sin PY, Lucas SJ, Ainslie PN. Respiratory modulation of cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity.

The Role of Ultrasonography in the Assessment of Arterial Baroreflex Function

“…It is also conventional to account for respiratory-related fluctuations in R-R interval and systolic blood pressure by averaging R-R intervals or heart rate across 2 or 3 mm Hg bins. However, although data binning improves the correlation coefficients, neither respiratory rate 23 nor data binning 26 materially influence the magnitude of the gain estimates. Fig.…”

“…It is common for the identification and elimination of the saturation and threshold regions to be done via visual data inspection 22,23 . However, mathematical modeling procedures can be applied for more objective analysis.…”

“…Furthermore, the technique is highly liable to confounding from respiratory influences. For example, fluctuations in R-R intervals associated with respiratory activity (respiratory sinus arrhythmia) can merge, accentuate, and confound the magnitude of low frequency fluctuations if breathing rate falls within the low frequency range (i.e.<0.15Hz) 23 . Such respiratory influences need to be carefully controlled for and may be minimized with the use of pace respiration.…”

Effect of Deep Breathing on Respiratory Parameters in Healthy Young Individuals

“…The basic mechanism of action is based on the baroreflex sensitivity which reduces blood vessel sympathetic tone (vasoconstriction) after deep slow breathing 26,27,31 .…”

Is Low Baroreflex Sensitivity only a Consequence of Essential Hypertension or also a Factor Conditioning Its Development?

“…This is the frequency range of a dominant role of baroreflex suppression of variations in blood pressure by heart rate changes. If the frequency range of respiration is included in a measurement or calculation, non-baroreflex factors are involved in respiratory sinus arrhythmia, such as a central component (Eckberg, 2003;Gilad et al, 2005;Eckberg & Karemaker, 2009;Tzeng et al, 2009), afferent stimuli from stretch receptors in the lungs and thoracic wall (Taha et al, 1995), and resonance (van de Vooren et al, 2007). Thus, there is a difference between BRS values determined at a respiratory frequency and a frequency of 0.1 Hz (Bothova et al, 2010;Fredericks et al, 2000).…”