Respiratory Motion of the Heart From Free Breathing Coronary Angiograms

Abstract

Respiratory motion compensation for cardiac imaging requires knowledge of the heart's motion and deformation during breathing. This paper presents a method for measuring the natural tidal respiratory motion of the heart from free breathing coronary angiograms. A three-dimensional (3-D) deformation field describing the cardiac and respiratory motion of the coronary arteries is recovered from a biplane acquisition. A cardiac respiratory parametric model is formulated and used to decompose the deformation field into cardiac and respiratory components. Angiograms from ten patients were analyzed. A 3-D translation motion model was sufficient for describing the motion of the heart in only two patients. For all patients, the heart translated caudally (mean, 4.9+/-1.9 mm; range, 2.4 to 8.0 mm) and underwent a cranio-dorsal rotation (mean, 1.5 degrees+/-0.9 degrees; range, 0.2 degrees to 3.5 degrees) during inspiration. In eight patients, the heart also translated anteriorly (mean, 1.3+/-1.8 mm; range, -0.4 to 5.1 mm) and rotated in a caudo-dextral direction (mean, 1.2 degrees+/-1.3 degrees; range, -1.9 degrees to 3.2 degrees).

Motion Compensation Strategies in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

“…A study of respiratory-induced motion of the heart using rigid and nonrigid transformation parameters generated at various breathhold positions was carried out by McLeish et al 14 They demonstrated that the largest component of motion is in the inferior direction during inspiration, while the range of diaphragm displacement is up to 40 mm with a large standard deviation, which suggests a high intersubject variability. However, much smaller values were found when applying the same transformations to free-breathing 15 data, suggesting that the breath-hold positions that were used exceed the range of normal tidal breathing or that there was residual diaphragmatic motion during acquisition.…”

“…52 In order to account for the nonrigid nature of the respiratory-induced motion of the heart, nonrigid transformations have also been exploited as part of motion compensation strategies in free-breathing, high-resolution cardiovascular MRI. 14,15 To this end, low-spatial resolution prescans are performed prior to the actual scan and used for parameter estimation of an affine motion model. At the end of this preparatory phase, a motion vector field of the heart is thus obtained, and its parameters are used to correct respiratory-induced deformation of the cardiac anatomy in high-resolution NAV-gated scans.…”

Real-Time 3D Ultrasound Guided Interventional System for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy with Motion Compensation

“…These average values of accuracy and robustness to randomly varying initializations is indicative of the smoothness of the objective function between full-volume US and live-3D US. The average capture range for the algorithm was 15.3 ± 2.1 mm, which is greater than respiratory motion in humans [8].…”

“…Ground truth motion was tracked using a dedicated 6-DOF EM sensor attached to the moving stage. The phantom was moved to three positions on the ramp at approximately 5, 10, and 15 mm from the baseline position; displacements that are representative of the amount of respiratory motion that we expect in a clinical setting [8]. At each position, three trials of the proposed registration was performed with the baseline registration being loaded before every trial.…”

Respiratory motion correction in gated cardiac SPECT using quaternion‐based, rigid‐body registration

“…[1][2][3][4][5] By sensing the phase of the respiratory cycle, a gating procedure may be used to produce a time series of images with reduced motion blur. When combined with electrocardiographic ͑ECG͒ gating of the cardiac contraction cycle, the acquisition is referred to as a dual-gated study 6,7 and produces a matrix of projection sets.…”