Respiratory Muscle Training Improves Chemoreflex Response, Heart Rate Variability, and Respiratory Mechanics in Rats With Heart Failure

Jaenisch, Rodrigo Boemo; Quagliotto, Édson; Chechi, Chalyne; Calegari, Leonardo; Santos, Fernando dos; Borghi‐Silva, Audrey; Lago, Pedro Dal

doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2016.11.004

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…RMT is designed to reduce perceived breath effort and breath work, which results in the delay of respiratory muscle fatigue and attenuation of the respiratory muscle metaboreflex [6]. RMT is known to provide health benefits for haemodynamic and autonomic regulation, which may result in decreasing resting sympathetic activity in addition to baroreceptor sensitivity and sympathovagal balance improvements [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The elevation training mask induces modest hypoxaemia but does not affect heart rate variability during cycling in healthy adults

Jung¹,

Lee²,

John³

et al. 2019

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This study examined the acute effects of the elevation training mask (ETM) on haemodynamics and heart rate variability (HRV) at rest, during cycling, and during recovery in healthy adults. Fifteen healthy male (N=9) and female (N=6) adults (27.0 ± 1.14 years) completed two trials with the mask (MASK) and without the mask (CON). The 40-minute cycling exercise protocol included 10-minute phases of (1) rest, (2) 50% of VO 2peak cycling, (3) 70% of VO 2peak cycling, and (4) recovery. Blood pressure and pulse oximetry saturation (S P O 2 ) were measured at each phase. An Actiwave-Cardio ECG monitor (CamNtech, UK) was used to measure HRV variables including time and frequency domains. A greater response in systolic blood pressure (p=.035) was observed at rest while S P O 2 (p=.033) was lower during high-intensity cycling (70% of VO 2peak ) in the MASK trial. The HRV indices were not different between trials during cycling. However, heart rate (p=.047) was greater while inter-beat interval and sympathovagal balance (the ratio between low-frequency and high-frequency components; ln LF/HF, p=.01) were lower in the MASK than the CON trials during recovery. Wearing an ETM during high-intensity cycling (70% of VO 2peak ) induces modest hypoxaemia. Although this device did not affect HRV changes during cycling, it seems to delay the cardiac-autonomic recovery from exercise. Healthy adults may be required to perform high-intensity exercise with an ETM to simulate a hypoxic environment, but future studies are needed to determine whether repeated exposure to this condition provides similar benefits as altitude training.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The elevation training mask induces modest hypoxaemia but does not affect heart rate variability during cycling in healthy adults

Jung¹,

Lee²,

John³

et al. 2019

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“…Recently, it has been demonstrated that respiratory muscle training in HF rats is able to produce positive adaptations on lung and peripheral vascular nervous system, which are translated into better hemodynamic function and respiratory mechanic parameters (44). The changes observed in pressure response during chemoreflex activation were probably associated with a better sympatho-vagal balance, demonstrated by the attenuation of the sympathetic modulation together with an enhanced parasympathetic modulation after ET.…”

Section: Efficacy Of Training In Pah On Functional Capacity Qol Surmentioning

confidence: 98%

Exercise training in pulmonary arterial hypertension

Vecchia

Bussotti

2018

J. Thorac. Dis.

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Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by a continuous increase in pre-capillary pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) with a progressive reduction of cardiac output (CO). Similar to what occurs in left heart failure (HF), this represents the initial phase of a syndrome characterized by the progressive development of dyspnea and fatigue with increasing deterioration of exercise tolerance. Although the therapies introduced in the last two decades have determined a significant improvement of the clinical conditions of PAH patients, they have a little impact on exercise capacity and prognosis. However, as previously demonstrated for HF, recent pilot studies have reported that physical and respiratory rehabilitation may have a specific role in the management of PAH. Despite potential risks, so far all studies agree that exercise training (ET) improves exercise capacity, quality of life (QoL), muscle function and pulmonary circulation. We will review the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the functional incompetence of PAH patients, the effects of ET on clinical and functional parameters, the selection criteria for inclusion of patients in a training program, the suggested monitoring of beneficial effects or possible side effects induced by ET. Finally, we discuss of the possible exercise induced amelioration of prognosis in PAH.

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“…30 In addition, respiratory muscle training also improves heart rate variability, chemo-reflex response and respiratory mechanics. 31 A meta-analysis including 11 studies on inspiratory muscle training (IMT) before 2012 containing data on 287 participants showed that IMT improves cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life to a similar magnitude as conventional AET. IMT may therefore provide an initial alternative to the more severely de-conditioned CHF patients, who may then transition to conventional exercise training.…”

Section: Current Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30 In addition, respiratory muscle training also improves heart rate variability, chemo-reflex response and respiratory mechanics. 31…”

Section: Inconsistency Between the Early Single Centre Studies And Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

The muscle hypothesis in heart failure revised: ‘The multisite training approach’

Larsen

2018

Eur J Prev Cardiolog

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Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a progressive syndrome involving activation of neuro-humoral mechanisms and inflammation resulting in a degenerative process with muscle wasting and deconditioning. 1 The skeletal muscle hypothesis proposed by Coats and Piepoli described this phenomenon of deconditioning, recognized as one of the main factors per se aggravating the underlying pathophysiology in CHF 2 paving the way for exercise training as an attractive additional treatment option. Single centre studies showed that exercise training improved peripheral adaptions, reduced inflammation, reduced muscle wasting and reduced neuro-humoral activation. This was associated with improved exercise capacity and reduced symptoms. 3 Subsequently, the effect, also on hard endpoints, was confirmed in the ExTraMATCH meta-analysis published in 2004 by Piepoli and co-workers, who showed a statistically significant effect on mortality. 4

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Respiratory Muscle Training Improves Chemoreflex Response, Heart Rate Variability, and Respiratory Mechanics in Rats With Heart Failure

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

The elevation training mask induces modest hypoxaemia but does not affect heart rate variability during cycling in healthy adults

The elevation training mask induces modest hypoxaemia but does not affect heart rate variability during cycling in healthy adults

Exercise training in pulmonary arterial hypertension

The muscle hypothesis in heart failure revised: ‘The multisite training approach’

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