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Background Many people have asthma, and for some their symptoms may be triggered by psychological factors. In addition compliance with medical therapy may have a psychological dimension. Therefore, psychological interventions aim to reduce the burden of symptoms and improve management of the disease. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of psychological interventions for adults with asthma. Search strategy The Cochrane Airways Group specialised register and PsycINFO were searched with pre-defined terms until September 2003. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials published in any language assessing the effects of a psychological intervention compared with a form of control in adult participants were included in the review. Data collection and analysis Two reviewers assessed the relevance of abstracts identified by electronic searching and retrieved agreed studies for further scrutiny. The studies that met the inclusion criteria were assembled and data extracted. Main results Twelve studies were included in the review, however study quality was poor and sample sizes were frequently small. No meta-analysis could be performed due to the diversity of interventions and the outcomes assessed. Findings between studies were conflicting. This may have been due to the different types of interventions used and the deficiencies in trial design. Authors' conclusions This review was unable to draw firm conclusions for the role of psychological interventions in asthma due to the absence of an adequate evidence base. Large, well-conducted and reported randomised trials are required in this area, in order to determine the effects of these techniques in the treatment of asthma in adults.
Background Many people have asthma, and for some their symptoms may be triggered by psychological factors. In addition compliance with medical therapy may have a psychological dimension. Therefore, psychological interventions aim to reduce the burden of symptoms and improve management of the disease. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of psychological interventions for adults with asthma. Search strategy The Cochrane Airways Group specialised register and PsycINFO were searched with pre-defined terms until September 2003. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials published in any language assessing the effects of a psychological intervention compared with a form of control in adult participants were included in the review. Data collection and analysis Two reviewers assessed the relevance of abstracts identified by electronic searching and retrieved agreed studies for further scrutiny. The studies that met the inclusion criteria were assembled and data extracted. Main results Twelve studies were included in the review, however study quality was poor and sample sizes were frequently small. No meta-analysis could be performed due to the diversity of interventions and the outcomes assessed. Findings between studies were conflicting. This may have been due to the different types of interventions used and the deficiencies in trial design. Authors' conclusions This review was unable to draw firm conclusions for the role of psychological interventions in asthma due to the absence of an adequate evidence base. Large, well-conducted and reported randomised trials are required in this area, in order to determine the effects of these techniques in the treatment of asthma in adults.
Kang 1993 {published data only} Kang DH. The e ects of stress, negative emotions, and psychosocial support on immune responses and symptom expression in asthmatic adolescents. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1993. Kaptein 1987 {published data only} Kaptein AA. COPD: A challenge for the health psychologist [CARA: Een uitdaging voor de gezondheidspsycholoog]. Gedrag en Gezondheid: Tijdschri voor Psychologie & Gezondheid 1987;15(2):49-57. Kern-Buell 2000 {published data only} Kern-Buell CL, McGrady AV, Conran PB, Nelson LA. Asthma severity, psychophysiological indicators of arousal, and immune function in asthma patients undergoing biofeedbackassisted relaxation. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback 2000;25(2):79-91. Khateeb 1995 {published data only} Khateeb Z. Psychotherapy e ectiveness in asthma: metaanalysis [L'e icacite des psychotherapies dans l'asthme: metaanalyse].
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a respiratory resistance biofeedback training. Fifteen adult asthmatic subjects participated in a feedback training program including twelve feedback sessions (three sessions weekly). Respiratory resistance (Ros) was measured using the forced oscillation method; to prevent subjects from lung hyperinflation, feedback was interrupted when functional residual capacity increased. One-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1), usage of self-administered medication, degree of asthmatic dyspnoea, and general activity were daily recorded in symptom diaries for at least three months, starting four weeks before the first feedback session. Seven subjects showed significant average Ros decreases within the sessions, while mean Ros in two subjects was increased. However, these direct feedback effects were not related to transfer effects outside the laboratory: e.g., not one of the seven successful subjects showed FEV1 improvements, and only in one of them were within-session Ros reductions accompanied by a decreased frequency of self-administered medication during the training period. These results lead to the conclusion that Ros feedback may not be an effective technique for the treatment of bronchial asthma in adults.
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