Respiratory Syncytial and Other Viruses Associated With Respiratory Disease in Infants

Jacobs, John; Peacock, D.B.; Corner, Beryl D.; Caul, E.O.; Clarke, Suzanne

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(71)92440-8

Cited by 62 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This survey has in general followed the pattern that had been suggested by the earlier MRC survey and by workers in different areas of the United Kingdom (Report, 1965;Holzel et al, 1965;Gardner, 1968;Tyrrell, 1968;Jacobs et al, 1971). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Viral and epidemiological findings in MRC/PHLS surveys of respiratory disease in hospital and general practice

Poole

Tobin

1973

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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SummaryThe results found and the laboratory methods used for the isolation of viruses and P haemolytic streptococci in two MRC/PHLS surveys of respiratory disease in patients in hospital and general practice are described. 717 viruses and 82 P haemolytic streptococci were isolated from 2418 children in hospital and 835 viuses and 435 srains of p haemolytic streptococci from patients seen in general practice. Virus isolation rates in the two surveys were 28-9% and 21 0% respectively. Rates by age, sex, time and by clinical categories are given and discussed in relation to isolations from control subjects, the cause of deaths in twenty-two of the children tested, and the incidence of convulsions and meningism found in those examined in these surveys.In this paper are presented the results of attempted isolations of viruses and P haemolytic streptococci from swabs taken from sample patients. Isolation rates are given for both the general practice and hospital surveys by age groups and seasons of the year, and in relation to diagnosis. Over 85% of all specimens were examined by standard methods and all the expected agents were isolated from patients at some time during the survey in most laboratories. After allowing for the variation in respiratory syncytial (RS) virus isolation rate in the hospital survey and for the low rates in three areas in the general practitioner survey, where only a small number of specimens were examined, the total virus isolation rate was similar in most areas. These facts would suggest that whatever the limitations of the methods employed the deficiencies were likely to have operated equally in different groups.Laboratory methods for the isolation of viruses and P haemolytic streptococci VirusesThe standard culture systems used were secondary rhesus monkey kidney (MK) cells (Mair & Tobin, 1960), 'Bristol' HeLa (Peacock & Clarke, 1961; Report, 1964) (Tyrrell & Parsons, 1960). Where available, suckling mice less than 48 hr old were used to show the presence of Coxsackie viruses which failed to produce a cytopathic effect in cell cultures. Such a combination of systems permitted the isolation of myxoviruses, RS virus, adenoviruses, picomaviruses and Herpesvirus hominis (HVH). A few specimens were also tested in primary human amnion cells. Viruses were identified by standard methods.All virus specimens were cultured in MK cells and almost all in either HeLa or HEp 2 cells. In general practice 51 % were examined in W138 cells in the first year and 98 % in the second year. In the hospital survey 56 % were examined in HEp 2 in the first year and 73% in the second year. HEL7 was used less frequently in the second year in both surveys and HEK in the hospital one. A much higher percentage of specimens were inoculated into mice from the general practice survey than from hospitals. BacteriaThroat swabs taken into Stuart's medium were examined for P haemolytic streptococci of groups A, C or G. Standard methods used in the hospital survey were inoculation on to blood agar incubated aerobically and ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Viral and epidemiological findings in MRC/PHLS surveys of respiratory disease in hospital and general practice

Poole

Tobin

1973

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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“…There is a tendency, however, for epidemic outbreaks of respiratory viruses not to occur simultaneously in a given population (28,30,31 (66). Most of the early virus studies were oriented to associating clinical findings with particular viruses with the goal of establishing viral etiologies for the diseases (23,39,41,46,73,75). The majority of the investigations employed serology as well as virus isolation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed viral infections: detection and management

Waner

1994

Clin Microbiol Rev

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An analysis was done of the incidence and nature of mixed virus infections diagnosed in the same clinical specimen from immunocompetent patients; respiratory viruses were emphasized. Few studies have addressed mixed viral infections in any systematic fashion. The relevant studies reviewed focused on clinical relationships or diagnostic methods. Data relating to multiple infections were usually derived incidentally to the purpose of the investigations. Sixty-three percent of the reports with data on mixed infections identified them in < 5% of the total number of viral infections. Respiratory syncytial virus was the most common coinfecting virus, and respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus were the most common virus pair identified. In considering rapid diagnostic techniques, in 87% of the reports with available data a virus was diagnosed in > 10% of specimens that were negative for the virus targeted by one method. There was no indication that mixed infections were associated with increased disease in immunocompetent patients or in certain immunocompromised patients. Immunocompromised patients, however, appeared to have a greater incidence of multiple infections. Mixed infections of single cells also occur and may have important clinical implications relative to reactivation of latent viruses and enhanced disease. The requirement for a comprehensive strategy for viral diagnosis involving multiple techniques was indicated by these findings.

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“…Its importance as a cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young children has been well documented (Jacobs et al, 1971). Equally important, re-infection with RS virus readily occurs in the presence of an apparently adequate humoral response (Chanock et aL, 1967).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Synthesis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Glycoproteins

Fernie

Dapolito

Côté

et al. 1985

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYThe synthesis of the two respiratory syncytial (RS) virus glycoproteins (VP66 and VP84) was examined under standard conditions and after treatment with tunicamycin and monensin. The protein backbone for VP66, the fusion protein (F1,2) is cotranslationally glycosylated to form F0, which is cleaved to form F1, 2 by 20 min of chase. Monensin treatment inhibited the cleavage of Fo over an 80 min chase period, indicating that this occurred late in the transit of Fo through the Golgi apparatus or after exit from the Golgi apparatus. Tunicamycin treatment resulted in the synthesis of a 50K to 55K unglycosylated F0 which is cleaved to a 40K protein. VP84, the large glycoprotein, contains a protein backbone of only 26K to 30K which is modified by Nlinked and probable O-linked glycosylation. Tunicamycin treatment results in the synthesis of a 70K protein (p70) which incorporates [3H]glucosamine and [3H]fucose but not [3H]mannose. Glycosylated precursors varying in tool. wt. from 29K to 45K (p45) are found in infected cells at regular 2K to 3K intervals, producing a 'ladder' effect. The step from p45 to VP84 is severely delayed by monensin treatment thereby enhancing the 'ladder' effect of the precursors.

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Respiratory Syncytial and Other Viruses Associated With Respiratory Disease in Infants

Cited by 62 publications

References 27 publications

Viral and epidemiological findings in MRC/PHLS surveys of respiratory disease in hospital and general practice

Viral and epidemiological findings in MRC/PHLS surveys of respiratory disease in hospital and general practice

Mixed viral infections: detection and management

Kinetics of Synthesis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Glycoproteins

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