Respiratory Syncytial Virus-associated Hospitalizations Among Infants and Young Children in the United States, 1997–2006

Stockman, Lauren J.; Curns, Aaron T.; Anderson, Larry J.; Fischer-Langley, Gayle

doi:10.1097/inf.0b013e31822e68e6

Cited by 320 publications

(301 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

273

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although recent studies, most of which were retrospective assessments, have consistently shown RSV hospitalizations to be the highest in the first year of life, very few have dissected the exact age of RSV-specific hospitalizations more precisely. [4][5][6][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] For example, a retrospective, population-based study from Spain found that among children ,24 months old hospitalized with laboratory-identified RSV, 9% were ,1 month of age, similar to our findings; however, their rate of RSV hospitalizations among infants ,1 month of age was more than twice ours (31 per 1000 vs 13.5 per 1000, respectively). 19 Another study estimated a notably high annual rate of RSV-associated hospitalizations among infants #3 months old, 48.9 per 1000 children, which is more than twice the rate we found.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…19 Another study estimated a notably high annual rate of RSV-associated hospitalizations among infants #3 months old, 48.9 per 1000 children, which is more than twice the rate we found. 6 The differences between studies could result from actual differences in disease burden or from the use in database studies of ICD-9-CM-coded discharge diagnoses for RSV-associated syndromes such as bronchiolitis, because they are inaccurate indicators of RSV infection among young infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] However, substantially lower rates, approximately one-half lower, are reported by the few available prospective, population-based studies of laboratory-confirmed cases. 7,8 Our goal, therefore, was to more accurately define and characterize RSV hospitalizations among children ,24 months old, the group at greatest risk of severe RSV illness.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Accurate assessment of the burden of RSV hospitalizations, therefore, is essential in determining priorities for the use of existing RSV prophylaxis and future vaccines. However, estimates of the burden of RSV hospitalizations in the United States have varied.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Hospitalizations Among Children Less Than 24 Months of Age

Hall

Weinberg²,

Blumkin³

et al. 2013

Pediatrics

531

430

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a leading cause of hospitalization among infants. Most estimates of RSV hospitalization rates are imprecise, having been calculated by using retrospective discharge diagnosis data and stratified age groups no narrower than 6 to 12 months.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: Prospective, population-based surveillance data for infants hospitalized with laboratoryconfirmed RSV infection were combined with birth certificate information to yield more precise age-specific hospitalization rates. These data should help determine priorities for the use of existing and future RSV prophylaxis strategies. abstract BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a leading cause of hospitalization among infants. However, estimates of the RSV hospitalization burden have varied, and precision has been limited by the use of age strata grouped in blocks of 6 to $12 months. METHODS:We analyzed data from a 5-year, prospective, population-based surveillance for young children who were hospitalized with laboratoryconfirmed (reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) RSV acute respiratory illness (ARI) during October through March 2000-2005. The total population at risk was stratified by month of age by birth certificate information to yield hospitalization rates.RESULTS: There were 559 (26%) RSV-infected children among the 2149 enrolled children hospitalized with ARI (85% of all eligible children with ARI). The average RSV hospitalization rate was 5.2 per 1000 children ,24 months old. The highest age-specific rate was in infants 1 month old (25.9 per 1000 children). Infants #2 months of age, who comprised 44% of RSV-hospitalized children, had a hospitalization rate of 17.9 per 1000 children. Most children (79%) were previously healthy. Very preterm infants (,30 weeks' gestation) accounted for only 3% of RSV cases but had RSV hospitalization rates 3 times that of term infants.CONCLUSIONS: Young infants, especially those who were 1 month old, were at greatest risk of RSV hospitalization. Four-fifths of RSVhospitalized infants were previously healthy. To substantially reduce the burden of RSV hospitalizations, effective general preventive strategies will be required for all young infants, not just those with risk factors. Pediatrics 2013;132:e341-e348 AUTHORS:

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Hospitalizations Among Children Less Than 24 Months of Age

Hall

Weinberg²,

Blumkin³

et al. 2013

Pediatrics

531

430

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…RSV infection rates are high and by age 2 years the majority of young children have experienced at least one infection (CDC, 2008(CDC, , 2013Hall et al, 2009;Mori et al, 2014;Nair et al, 2010;Stockman et al, 2012; Zhou et al, 2012). RSV infection in high-risk individuals, such as infants, young children, immunocompromised adults and the elderly, can manifest as serious pulmonary inflammatory disease including bronchiolitis and pneumonia (Hoffman et al, 2004;Moore et al, 2013;Openshaw & Chiu, 2013;Oshansky et al, 2009b;Psarras et al, 2004;Vicencio, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human respiratory syncytial virus non-structural protein NS1 modifies miR-24 expression via transforming growth factor-β

Bakre

Hiscox

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major health challenge in the young and elderly owing to the lack of a safe and effective vaccine and proven antiviral drugs. Understanding the mechanisms by which viral genes and proteins modulate the host response to infection is critical for identifying novel disease intervention strategies. In this study, the RSV non-structural protein NS1 was shown to suppress miR-24 expression during infection. Lack of NS1 was linked to increased expression of miR-24, whilst NS1 overexpression suppressed miR-24 expression. NS1 was found to induce Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6), a transcription factor that positively regulates the transforming growth factor (TGF)-b pathway to induce cell cycle arrest. Silencing of KLF6 led to increased miR-24 expression via downregulation of TGF-b. Treatment with exogenous TGF-b suppressed miR-24 expression and induced KLF6. Confocal microscopy showed co-localization of KLF6 and RSV NS1. These findings indicated that RSV NS1 interacts with KLF6 and modulates miR-24 expression and TGF-b, which facilitates RSV replication. Received 23 March 2015Accepted 6 August 2015 INTRODUCTIONHuman respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a ubiquitous negative-sense ssRNA virus that can cause severe lung disease following infection (CDC, 2013;Hall et al., 2009;Nair et al., 2010). RSV is a member of the genus Pneumovirus, family Paramyxoviridae with a non-segmented genome that encodes 10 genes and 11 proteins (NS1, NS2, N, P, M, SH, G, F, M2-1, M2-2 and L). The two non-structural proteins (NS1 and NS2), which are not part of the intact virion, are transcribed and translated during infection (Moore et al., 2008).RSV infection rates are high and by age 2 years the majority of young children have experienced at least one infection (CDC, 2008(CDC, , 2013Hall et al., 2009;Mori et al., 2014;Nair et al., 2010;Stockman et al., 2012; Zhou et al., 2012). RSV infection in high-risk individuals, such as infants, young children, immunocompromised adults and the elderly, can manifest as serious pulmonary inflammatory disease including bronchiolitis and pneumonia (Hoffman et al., 2004;Moore et al., 2013;Openshaw & Chiu, 2013;Oshansky et al., 2009b;Psarras et al., 2004;Vicencio, 2010). There is also substantial evidence that early RSV infection can mediate airway remodelling, a feature that predisposes individuals to asthma development and exacerbation (Fong et al., 2000;Foronjy et al., 2014;Hirakawa et al., 2013;Hotard et al., 2015;Liesman et al., 2014;Meng et al., 2014;Piedimonte, 2002Piedimonte, , 2003Tan et al., 2008;Wu et al., 2011). Transforming growth factor (TGF)-b is expressed during RSV infection of lung epithelial cells (Gibbs et al., 2009;McCann & Imani, 2007;Mgbemena et al., 2011) and several studies indicate that it plays an important role in asthma development (de Faria et al., 2008;Fong et al., 2000;Gagliardo et al., 2013;Hoshino et al., 1998;Howell & McAnulty, 2006; Pelaia et al., 2007;Sharma et al., 2009). TGF-b also regulates aspects of the inflammatory cytokine r...

show abstract

Risk Variants in the Exomes of Children With Critical Illness

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ImportanceDiagnostic genetic testing can lead to changes in management in the pediatric intensive care unit. Genetic risk in children with critical illness but nondiagnostic exome sequencing (ES) has not been explored.ObjectiveTo assess the association between loss-of-function (LOF) variants and pediatric critical illness.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis genetic association study examined ES first screened for causative variants among 267 children at the Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital of NewYork-Presbyterian, of whom 22 were otherwise healthy with viral respiratory failure; 18 deceased children with bronchiolitis from the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of New York City, of whom 14 were previously healthy; and 9990 controls from the Institute for Genomic Medicine at Columbia University Irving Medical Center. The ES data were generated between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020, and analyzed between January 1, 2017, and September 2, 2022.ExposureCritical illness.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOdds ratios and P values for genes and gene-sets enriched for rare LOF variants and the loss-of-function observed/expected upper bound fraction (LOEUF) score at which cases have a significant enrichment.ResultsThis study included 285 children with critical illness (median [range] age, 4.1 [0-18.9] years; 148 [52%] male) and 9990 controls. A total of 228 children (80%) did not receive a genetic diagnosis. After quality control (QC), 231 children harbored excess rare LOF variants in genes with a LOEUF score of 0.680 or less (intolerant genes) (P = 1.0 × 10−5). After QC, 176 children without a diagnosis harbored excess ultrarare LOF variants in intolerant genes but only in those without a known disease association (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.5). After QC, 25 children with viral respiratory failure harbored excess ultrarare LOF variants in intolerant genes but only in those without a known disease association (odds ratio, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.1-6.6). A total of 114 undiagnosed children were enriched for de novo LOF variants in genes without a known disease association (observed, 14; expected, 6.8; enrichment, 2.05).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this genetic association study, excess LOF variants were observed among critically ill children despite nondiagnostic ES. Variants lay in genes without a known disease association, suggesting future investigation may connect phenotypes to causative genes.

show abstract

Respiratory Syncytial Virus-associated Hospitalizations Among Infants and Young Children in the United States, 1997–2006

Abstract: RSV hospitalization rates remained steady during 1997 to 2006 and were a substantial burden in the United States, especially among infants and young children. A safe and effective RSV vaccine is needed.

Cited by 320 publications

References 22 publications

Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Hospitalizations Among Children Less Than 24 Months of Age

Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Hospitalizations Among Children Less Than 24 Months of Age

Human respiratory syncytial virus non-structural protein NS1 modifies miR-24 expression via transforming growth factor-β

Risk Variants in the Exomes of Children With Critical Illness

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About