Respiratory syncytial virus subtype circulation and associated disease severity at an Australian paediatric referral hospital, 2014–2018

Saravanos, Gemma L; Ramos, Isabelle; Britton, Philip N; Wood, Nicholas

doi:10.1111/jpc.15419

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In our cohort, clinical profiles of ON1-5-positive cases did not differ significantly from other ON1 lineages ( Supplementary Table 2 ). There have also been mixed reports on how RSV-A compares to RSV-B regarding virulence ( Martinello et al, 2002 ; Panayiotou et al, 2014 ; Midulla et al, 2019 ; Saravanos et al, 2021 ). Our analysis showed that fewer RSV-A ON1-5 infected patients presented “coarse breath sounds,” “shortness of breath” and were diagnosed with severe inflammation in the lungs compared to RSV-B infections ( Supplementary Table 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of circulating respiratory syncytial virus A strains in Shanghai, China identified a new and increasingly prevalent lineage within the dominant ON1 genotype

Zhao

Wang²,

Jiang³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Respiratory syncytial virus A (RSV-A) is one of the commonest pathogens causing acute respiratory tract infections in infants and children globally. The currently dominant circulating genotype of RSV-A, ON1, was first detected in Shanghai, China in 2011, but little data are available regarding its subsequent circulation and clinical impact here. In this work, we analyzed RSV-A infection in a cohort of patients hospitalized for acute respiratory infections in Shanghai Children’s Hospital, and RSV-A was detected in ~10% of these cases. RSV-A G gene sequencing revealed that all successfully sequenced strains belonged to ON1 genotype, but in phylogenetic analysis, the majority of these sequences formed a clade separate from the four previously established lineages within ON1. The new lineage, denoted ON1-5, was supported by phylogenetic analyses using additional G gene sequences from RSV-A strains isolated in Shanghai and elsewhere. ON1-5 first appeared in 2015 in China and the Netherlands, and has since spread to multiple continents and gained dominance in Asia. In our cohort, ON1-5 was not associated with markedly different clinical presentations compared to other ON1 lineages. ON1-5 strains are characterized by four amino acid variations in the two mucin-like regions of G protein, and one variation (N178G) within the highly conserved CCD domain that is involved in receptor binding. These data highlight the continuous evolution of RSV-A, and suggest the possibility of the virus acquiring variations in domains traditionally considered to be conserved for fitness gain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of circulating respiratory syncytial virus A strains in Shanghai, China identified a new and increasingly prevalent lineage within the dominant ON1 genotype

Zhao

Wang²,

Jiang³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Hence, the initial curb of infections in 0-36-month-olds could have potentially resulted in this wave of RSV cases in late November/early December 2022 and increased hospitalisation rates, as also recorded by the US RSV Network (20, 21). The literature offers limited data on the severity and course of RSV infections in primary health care settings, as many studies have focused on the outpatient setting or hospitalised patients (2,10,11,21,22). In the first years of life, infants face a significant burden due to RSV in both inpatient and outpatient settings (23)(24)(25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the virus evolves, new variants continuously develop while others disappear. Whether and to what extent the two RSV types influence seasonality, transmission rate, rate of co-infection, and severity of virus-associated disease is controversially discussed in the literature (10)(11)(12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of RSV infections in children without chronic diseases aged 0–36 months during the post-COVID-19 winter season 2022/2023

Meier,

Riepl,

Voitl

et al. 2024

Front. Pediatr.

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BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of hospitalisation, morbidity, and mortality due to respiratory infection in the first years of life. This longitudinal prospective study outlines the 2022/23 season's viral patterns in Austria after the epidemiological changes determined by public health measures. We aimed to highlight differences within the RSV subtypes and genotypes in 0–36-month-old children without chronic diseases in the outpatient setting.MethodsFrom November 2022 to March 2023 children younger than 36 months admitted to Vienna's largest paediatric primary healthcare centre with an acute respiratory infection were enrolled in this study. Nasal swabs and multiplex PCR panels detected 20 viruses including RSV subtypes and genotypes. Clinical presentation, features, and treatment of the participants were documented and analysed using the Modified Tal Score (MTS). Patients were scheduled for a telemedical follow-up one week after the initial appointment. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics, including Cramér V and binominal logarithmic regression.ResultsAmong the 345 samples from 329 children, RSV was the most common virus (31.9%), followed by influenza (17.5%) and rhinovirus infections (20.58%). Of the RSV positive samples, only 13 cases were RSV subtype A (11.8%), whereas 97 were of subtype B (87.3%); ON1 and BA9 were the only detectable RSV genotypes (ON1: BA9 = 1:9.25). RSV was the main predictor of hospitalisation (OR: 7.5, 95% CI: (1.46–38.40), and age had a significant but smaller effect (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: (0.81–0.99). Almost all patients' clinical status improved within the first days.ConclusionRSV cases showed a rapid onset in late November 2022, and subtype B was predominant throughout the season. RSV infection was associated with higher hospitalisation rates, even after excluding high-risk patients (preterm and severe chronic diseases population).Further testing in the upcoming winter seasons will improve our knowledge of the dominant subtype and its association with disease severity, especially with the development of novel RSV vaccine candidates.

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“…In addition, children have a relatively rapid respiratory rate and are more vulnerable to respiratory diseases such as asthma, cough, and respiratory inflammation. Studies have shown that respiratory diseases have become the most frequent cause of childhood outpatient visits for illness, and these diseases are a primary medical problem adversely affecting the health and growth of children ( 40 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between PM2.5-bound metals and pediatric respiratory health in Guangzhou: An ecological study investigating source, health risk, and effect

Zheng

Chen

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe adverse effects of 2.5-μm particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on public health have become an increasing concern worldwide. However, epidemiological findings on the effects of PM2.5-bound metals on children's respiratory health are limited and inconsistent because PM2.5 is a complicated mixture.ObjectivesGiven the vulnerability of children's respiratory system, aim to pediatric respiratory health, this study evaluated the potential sources, health risks, and acute health effects of ambient PM2.5-bound metals among children in Guangzhou, China from January 2017 to December 2019.MethodsPotential sources of PM2.5-bound metals were detected using positive matrix factorization (PMF). A health risk assessment was conducted to investigate the inhalation risk of PM2.5-bound metals in children. The associations between PM2.5-bound metals and pediatric respiratory outpatient visits were examined with a quasi-Poisson generalized additive model (GAM).ResultsDuring 2017–2019, the daily mean concentrations of PM2.5 was 53.39 μg/m3, and the daily mean concentrations of PM2.5-bound metals range 0.03 ng/m3 [thorium (Th) and beryllium (Be)] from to 396.40 ng/m3 [iron (Fe)]. PM2.5-bound metals were mainly contributed by motor vehicles and street dust. PM2.5-bound arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr)(VI), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) were found to pose a carcinogenic risk (CR). A quasi-Poisson GAM was constructed that showed there were significant associations between PM2.5 concentrations and pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases. PM2.5 was significantly associated with pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases. Moreover, with a 10 μg/m3 increase in Ni, Cr(VI), Ni, and As concentrations, the corresponding pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases increased by 2.89% (95% CI: 2.28–3.50%), acute upper respiratory infections (AURIs) increased by 2.74% (2.13–3.35%), influenza and pneumonia (FLU&PN) increased by 23.36% (20.09–26.72%), and acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) increased by 16.86% (15.16–18.60%), respectively.ConclusionsOur findings showed that PM2.5 and PM2.5-bound As, Cd, Co, Cr(VI), Ni, and Pb had adverse effects on pediatric respiratory health during the study period. New strategies are required to decrease the production of PM2.5 and PM2.5-bound metals by motor vehicles and to reduce levels of street dust to reduce children's exposure to these pollutants and thereby increase child health.

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Respiratory syncytial virus subtype circulation and associated disease severity at an Australian paediatric referral hospital, 2014–2018

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Analysis of circulating respiratory syncytial virus A strains in Shanghai, China identified a new and increasingly prevalent lineage within the dominant ON1 genotype

Analysis of circulating respiratory syncytial virus A strains in Shanghai, China identified a new and increasingly prevalent lineage within the dominant ON1 genotype

Characterisation of RSV infections in children without chronic diseases aged 0–36 months during the post-COVID-19 winter season 2022/2023

Association between PM2.5-bound metals and pediatric respiratory health in Guangzhou: An ecological study investigating source, health risk, and effect

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