Respiratory syncytial virus surge in 2022 caused by lineages already present before the COVID‐19 pandemic

Redlberger‐Fritz, Monika; Springer, David Niklas; Aberle, Stephan W.; Camp, Jeremy V.; Aberle, Judith H.

doi:10.1002/jmv.28830

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Nevertheless, our results show a change in the seasonal epidemic pattern of RSV, compared to the pre‐Covid era, an early peak in November. These data are in line with recent literature from Italy as well as from other European countries [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

RSV Disease Burden in Primary Care in Italy: A Multi‐Region Pediatric Study, Winter Season 2022–2023

Scarpaci,

Bracaloni,

Esposito

et al. 2024

Influenza Resp Viruses

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IntroductionHuman respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most frequent causes of respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age, but its socioeconomic impact and burden in primary care settings is still little studied.MethodsDuring the 2022/2023 winter season, 55 pediatricians from five Italian regions participated in our community‐based study. They collected a nasal swab for RSV molecular test from 650 patients under the age of 5 with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and performed a baseline questionnaire. The clinical and socioeconomic burden of RSV disease in primary care was evaluated by two follow‐up questionnaires completed by the parents of positive children on Days 14 and 30.ResultsRSV laboratory‐confirmed cases were 37.8% of the total recruited ARI cases, with RSV subtype B accounting for the majority (65.4%) of RSV‐positive swabs. RSV‐positive children were younger than RSV‐negative ones (median 12.5 vs. 16.5 months). The mean duration of symptoms for all children infected by RSV was 11.47 ± 6.27 days. We did not observe substantial differences in clinical severity between the two RSV subtypes, but RSV‐A positive patients required more additional pediatric examinations than RSV‐B cases. The socioeconomic impact of RSV infection was considerable, causing 53% of children to be absent from school, 46% of parents to lose working days, and 25% of families to incur extra costs.ConclusionsOur findings describe a baseline of the RSV disease burden in primary care in Italy before the introduction of upcoming immunization strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

RSV Disease Burden in Primary Care in Italy: A Multi‐Region Pediatric Study, Winter Season 2022–2023

Scarpaci,

Bracaloni,

Esposito

et al. 2024

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…However, RSV-A global sequences exhibited polyphyletic clustering in 2022, suggesting that the transmission patterns between these two subtypes differ despite their co-circulation in the 2019–2020 season. This is further supported by the lack of monophyletic clustering of RSV-A even in regions where this subtype was dominant after viral reemergence in 2021 50 . Alternately, it is possible that the bottlenecking exacerbated an already ongoing transition in the RSV-B population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Deviations in RSV epidemiological patterns and population structures in the United States following the COVID-19 pandemic

Rios-Guzman,

Simons,

Dean

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infection, with the greatest impact on infants, immunocompromised individuals, and older adults. RSV prevalence decreased substantially in the United States (US) following the implementation of COVID-19-related non-pharmaceutical interventions but later rebounded with abnormal seasonality. The biological and epidemiological factors underlying this altered behavior remain poorly defined. In this retrospective cohort study from 2009 to 2023 in Chicago, Illinois, US, we examined RSV epidemiology, clinical severity, and genetic diversity. We found that changes in RSV diagnostic platforms drove increased detections in outpatient settings post-2020 and that hospitalized adults infected with RSV-A were at higher risk of intensive care admission than those with RSV-B. While population structures of RSV-A remained unchanged, RSV-B exhibited a genetic shift into geographically distinct clusters. Mutations in the antigenic regions of the fusion protein suggest convergent evolution with potential implications for vaccine and therapeutic development.

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“…The study design remains as described in the publications of the preceding seasons of 2020/21 and 2021/22 ( 4 , 5 ), except for the following changes: the multiplex PCR was done at the Medical University of Vienna, Center of Virology within the RSV surveillance network project ( 13 ). Additionally, RSV subtypes and genotypes were characterised ( 15 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of RSV infections in children without chronic diseases aged 0–36 months during the post-COVID-19 winter season 2022/2023

Meier,

Riepl,

Voitl

et al. 2024

Front. Pediatr.

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BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of hospitalisation, morbidity, and mortality due to respiratory infection in the first years of life. This longitudinal prospective study outlines the 2022/23 season's viral patterns in Austria after the epidemiological changes determined by public health measures. We aimed to highlight differences within the RSV subtypes and genotypes in 0–36-month-old children without chronic diseases in the outpatient setting.MethodsFrom November 2022 to March 2023 children younger than 36 months admitted to Vienna's largest paediatric primary healthcare centre with an acute respiratory infection were enrolled in this study. Nasal swabs and multiplex PCR panels detected 20 viruses including RSV subtypes and genotypes. Clinical presentation, features, and treatment of the participants were documented and analysed using the Modified Tal Score (MTS). Patients were scheduled for a telemedical follow-up one week after the initial appointment. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics, including Cramér V and binominal logarithmic regression.ResultsAmong the 345 samples from 329 children, RSV was the most common virus (31.9%), followed by influenza (17.5%) and rhinovirus infections (20.58%). Of the RSV positive samples, only 13 cases were RSV subtype A (11.8%), whereas 97 were of subtype B (87.3%); ON1 and BA9 were the only detectable RSV genotypes (ON1: BA9 = 1:9.25). RSV was the main predictor of hospitalisation (OR: 7.5, 95% CI: (1.46–38.40), and age had a significant but smaller effect (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: (0.81–0.99). Almost all patients' clinical status improved within the first days.ConclusionRSV cases showed a rapid onset in late November 2022, and subtype B was predominant throughout the season. RSV infection was associated with higher hospitalisation rates, even after excluding high-risk patients (preterm and severe chronic diseases population).Further testing in the upcoming winter seasons will improve our knowledge of the dominant subtype and its association with disease severity, especially with the development of novel RSV vaccine candidates.

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Respiratory syncytial virus surge in 2022 caused by lineages already present before the COVID‐19 pandemic

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

RSV Disease Burden in Primary Care in Italy: A Multi‐Region Pediatric Study, Winter Season 2022–2023

RSV Disease Burden in Primary Care in Italy: A Multi‐Region Pediatric Study, Winter Season 2022–2023

Deviations in RSV epidemiological patterns and population structures in the United States following the COVID-19 pandemic

Characterisation of RSV infections in children without chronic diseases aged 0–36 months during the post-COVID-19 winter season 2022/2023

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