Respiratory Syncytial Virus: The Influence of Serotype and Genotype Variability on Clinical Course of Infection

Vandini, Silvia; Biagi, Carlotta; Lanari, Marcello

doi:10.3390/ijms18081717

Cited by 122 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…9,10 Respiratory syncytial virus belonging to the Pneumovirus genus in the Paramyxoviridae family is an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus with two antigenically different A and B subtypes with 11 and 23 genotypes, respectively. 11 Although severe reinfections have been reported in young children, they are generally mild. 12 Main risk factors for RSV bronchiolitis include prematurity, chronic lung disease (low lung function), congenital heart disease, other underlying medical conditions, and young age (1-6 months of age), that is, conditions in which excessive mucus in the airways is problematic, as well as deficient interferon responses.…”

Section: Etiology and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchiolitis needs a revisit: Distinguishing between virus entities and their treatments

Jartti

Smits

Bønnelykke

et al. 2018

Allergy

122

190

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Current data indicate that the “bronchiolitis” diagnosis comprises more than one condition. Clinically, pathophysiologically, and even genetically three main clusters of patients can be identified among children suffering from severe bronchiolitis (or first wheezing episode): (a) respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)‐induced bronchiolitis, characterized by young age of the patient, mechanical obstruction of the airways due to mucus and cell debris, and increased risk of recurrent wheezing. For this illness, an effective prophylactic RSV‐specific monoclonal antibody is available; (b) rhinovirus‐induced wheezing, associated with atopic predisposition of the patient and high risk of subsequent asthma development, which may, however, be reversed with systemic corticosteroids in those with severe illness; and (c) wheeze due to other viruses, characteristically likely to be less frequent and severe. Clinically, it is important to distinguish between these partially overlapping patient groups as they are likely to respond to different treatments. It appears that the first episode of severe bronchiolitis in under 2‐year‐old children is a critical event and an important opportunity for designing secondary prevention strategies for asthma. As data have shown bronchiolitis cannot simply be diagnosed using a certain cutoff age, but instead, as we suggest, using the viral etiology as the differentiating factor.

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Section: Etiology and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchiolitis needs a revisit: Distinguishing between virus entities and their treatments

Jartti

Smits

Bønnelykke

et al. 2018

Allergy

122

190

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…24 RSV is an enveloped virus with a nonsegmented negative sense RNA belonging to the genus Orthopneumovirus of the family Pneumoviridae. 25 The virus encodes for 10 genes and 11 proteins. 26 RSV has three surface glycoproteins: the fusion glycoprotein (F), attachment glycoprotein (G), and small hydrophobic (SH) proteins (►Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of RSV-Associated Respiratory Disease on Children in Asia

Divarathne

Rafeek

Noordeen

2018

J Pediatr Infect Dis

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Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are leading contributors to the global infectious disease burden, which is estimated to be 112,900,000 disability adjusted life years. Viruses contribute to the etiology of ARTIs in a big way compared with other microorganisms. Since the discovery of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 61 years ago, the virus has been recognized as a major cause of ARTI and hospitalization in children. The morbidity and mortality attributable to RSV infection appear to be higher in infants < 3 months and in those with known risk factors such as prematurity, chronic lung, and congenital heart diseases. Crowded living conditions, exposure to tobacco smoke, and industrial or other types of air pollution also increase the risk of RSV-associated ARTI. Many epidemiological studies have been conducted in developed countries to understand the seasonal patterns and risk factors associated with RSV infections. Dearth of information on RSV-associated morbidity and mortality in Asian and developing countries indicates the need for regional reviews to evaluate RSV-associated disease burden in these countries. Epidemiological studies including surveillance is the key to track the disease burden including risk factors, seasonality, morbidity, and mortality associated with RSV infection in these countries. These data will contribute to improve the clinical diagnosis and plan preventive strategies in resource-limited developing countries.

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“…5 Also, RSV is the most common pathogen identified in bronchiolitis, followed by parainfluenza virus and adenovirus. 6,7 Furthermore, recent studies have determined that bacterial pathogens, particularly Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and Chlamydophila pneumoniae (CP), are responsible for bronchiolitis in children under 2 years of age. [8][9][10] However, the clinical relevance of the various pathogens involved in children still remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology and Clinical characteristics of bronchiolitis in Suzhou

Tan

Jiang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Bronchiolitis is a clinical syndrome commonly encountered in practice, particularly among infants and young children. To investigate the prevalence of pathogens in hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis and study the relationship between the clinical characteristics and pathogens. Methods We investigated the respiratory specimens and clinical data of 1012 children with bronchiolitis who were treated at the Children’s Hospital of Soochow University between November 2011 and December 2018. The nasopharyngeal aspirates were examined by direct immunofluorescence assay or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect viruses and by PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP). Results Of the 1012 children with bronchiolitis, 842 (83.2%) were detected at least a pathogen. 614 (60.7%) had single viral infections, 91 (9.0%) had MP infections, 70 (6.9%) had multiple viral infections, and 67 (6.6%) had mixed viral and MP infection. The most common pathogens detected were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (44.4%), MP (15.6%), and human rhinovirus (HRV) (14.4%). RSV was the most common pathogen detected in children less than 6 months. Coinfection was detected in 13.5% (137/1012) of the children, but it was less common in children less than 6 months. The age of children with single virus infection was the youngest. Children with single virus infection had a higher proportion of oxygen therapy compared with single MP infection. Conclusions The most common pathogen detected in children with bronchiolitis is RSV, followed by MP and HRV. Co-infections lead to prolonged illness and worsening of the symptoms Keywords: Etiology, Bronchiolitis, Infant, Respiratory syncytial virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus: The Influence of Serotype and Genotype Variability on Clinical Course of Infection

Cited by 122 publications

References 95 publications

Bronchiolitis needs a revisit: Distinguishing between virus entities and their treatments

Bronchiolitis needs a revisit: Distinguishing between virus entities and their treatments

The Impact of RSV-Associated Respiratory Disease on Children in Asia

Etiology and Clinical characteristics of bronchiolitis in Suzhou

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