Respiratory tract deposition of inhaled roadside ultrafine refractory particles in a polluted megacity of South-East Asia

Kecorius, Simonas; Madueño, Leizel; Löndahl, Jakob; Vallar, Edgar; Galvez, Maria Cecilia; Idolor, Luisito F.; Gonzaga-Cayetano, Mylene; Müller, Thomas; Birmili, W.; Wiedensohler, Alfred

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.338

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The observation that BC accounts for 26.9 % of total PM (13.4 µg m −3 ) is consistent with past work highlighting the significant fraction of BC in the ambient aerosol in Manila (Kim Oanh et al, 2006;Bautista et al, 2014;Simpas et al, 2014;Kecorius et al, 2017). However, this fraction of BC is very high compared with measurements during the monsoon season in other parts of the world.…”

Section: Total Mass Concentrations and Charge Balancesupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The total BC mass concentration integrated across all stages of MOUDI set MO13 (13.4 µg m −3 ) was remarkably high in contrast to BC levels measured via either filters, Aethalometers, or single particle soot photometers in most other urban regions of the world (Metcalf et al, 2012 and references therein): Los Angeles Basin (airborne: 0.002-0.53 µg m −3 ); Atlanta, Georgia (ground: 0.5-3.0 µg m −3 ); Mexico City (airborne: 0.276-1.1 µg m −3 ); Sapporo, Japan (ground: 2.3-8.0 µg m −3 ); Beijing, China (ground: 6.3-11.1 µg m −3 ); Bangalor, India (ground: 0.4-10.2 µg m −3 ); Paris, France (ground: 7.9 µg m −3 ); Dushanbe, Russia (ground: 4-20 µg m −3 ); Po Valley, Italy (ground: 0.5-1.5 µg m −3 ); and Thessaloniki, Greece (ground: 3.3-8.9 µg m −3 ). This is intriguing in light of extensive precipita-tion, and, thus, wet scavenging of PM, during the study period, which is offset by enormous anthropogenic emissions in the region, such as those from powered vehicles like the jeepneys that are notorious for BC exhaust (Kecorius et al, 2017).…”

Section: Black Carbonmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The impacts of these high levels of BC present on human health have also received attention (Kecorius et al, 2019). Identified major sources of BC include vehicular, industrial, and cooking emissions (Bautista et al, 2014;Kecorius et al, 2017). Vehicular emissions are especially prevalent along roadways where personal cars and motorcycles, commercial trucks, and motorized public transportation, including powered tricycles and "jeepneys", are plentiful.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size-resolved composition and morphology of particulate matter during the southwest monsoon in Metro Manila, Philippines

et al. 2019

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Abstract. This paper presents novel results from size-resolved particulate matter (PM) mass, composition, and morphology measurements conducted during the 2018 southwest monsoon (SWM) season in Metro Manila, Philippines. Micro-orifice uniform deposit impactors (MOUDIs) were used to collect PM sample sets composed of size-resolved measurements at the following aerodynamic cut-point diameters (Dp): 18, 10, 5.6, 3.2, 1.8, 1.0, 0.56, 0.32, 0.18, 0.10, and 0.056 µm. Each sample set was analyzed for composition of the water-soluble fraction. Analysis for mass was carried out on two sample sets, whereas black carbon (BC) and morphology analysis were analyzed on a single sample set. The bulk of the PM mass was between 0.18 and 1.0 µm with a dominant mode between 0.32 and 0.56 µm. Similarly, most of the black carbon (BC) mass was found between 0.10 and 1.0 µm, peaking between 0.18 and 0.32 µm. These peaks are located in the Greenfield gap, or the size range between 0.10 and 1.0 µm, where wet scavenging by rain is relatively inefficient. In the range between 0.10 and 0.18 µm, BC constituted 78.1 % of the measured mass. Comparable contributions of BC (26.9 %) and the water-soluble fraction (33.4 %) to total PM were observed and most of the unresolved mass, which amounted to 39.6 % in total, was for diameters exceeding 0.32 µm. The water-soluble ions and elements exhibited an average combined concentration of 8.53 µg m−3, with SO42-, NH4+, NO3-, Na+, and Cl− as the major contributors. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to identify the possible aerosol sources and estimate their contribution to the water-soluble fraction of collected PM. The factor with the highest contribution was attributed to “aged aerosol” (48.0 %), while “sea salt” (22.5 %) and “combustion” emissions (18.7 %) had comparable contributions. “Vehicular/resuspended dust” (5.6 %) and “waste processing” emissions (5.1 %) were also identified. Microscopy analysis highlighted the ubiquity of nonspherical particles regardless of size, which is significant when considering calculations of parameters such as single scattering albedo, the asymmetry parameter, and the extinction efficiency. The significant influence from aged aerosol to Metro Manila during the SWM season indicates that local sources in this megacity do not fully govern this coastal area's aerosol properties. The fact that the majority of the regional aerosol mass burden is accounted for by BC and other insoluble components has important downstream effects on the aerosol hygroscopic properties, which depend on composition. The results are relevant for understanding the impacts of monsoonal features on size-resolved aerosol properties, notably aqueous processing and wet scavenging. Finally, the results of this work provide contextual data for future sampling campaigns in Southeast Asia such as the airborne component of the Cloud, Aerosol, and Monsoon Processes Philippines Experiment (CAMP2Ex) planned for the SWM season in 2019.

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Section: Total Mass Concentrations and Charge Balancesupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Black Carbonmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size-resolved composition and morphology of particulate matter during the southwest monsoon in Metro Manila, Philippines

et al. 2019

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“…Here, the main source of eBC particles is traffic due to the lenient regulation of vehicular emissions and high volume of vehicles. For more information on MACE-2015, the readers are directed to the following publications (Kecorius et al, 2017;Alas et al, 2018;Kecorius et al, 2018;Kecorius et al, 2019;Madueño et al, 2019). Reference instruments were set-up permanently (for the duration of the experiment) inside a building within an urban background area (university campus).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of microAethalometers: Real-world Field Intercomparisons from Multiple Mobile Measurement Campaigns in Different Atmospheric Environments

Alas¹,

Müller²,

Weinhold³

et al. 2020

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Small aethalometers are frequently used to measure equivalent black carbon (eBC) mass concentrations in the context of personal exposure and air pollution mapping through mobile measurements (MM). The most widely used is the microAethalometer (AE51). Its performance in the laboratory and field is well documented, however, there is not sufficient data in the context of its performance in different environments. In this investigation, we present the characterization of the performance of the AE51 through field unit-to-unit intercomparisons (IC), and against a reference absorption photometer from three MM campaigns conducted in drastically different environments. Five IC parameters were considered: i) study area, ii) location of IC, iii) time of day, iv) duration of IC, and v) correction for the filter-loading effect. We can conclude that it is crucial where and how long the IC have been performed in terms of the correlation between the mobile and reference instruments. Better correlations (R 2 > 0.8, slope = 0.8) are achieved for IC performed in rural, and background areas for more than 10 minutes. In locations with more homogenous atmosphere, the correction of the loading effect improved the correlation between the mobile and reference instruments. In addition, a newer microAethalometer model (MA200) was characterized in the field under extreme cold conditions and correlated against another MA200 (R 2 > 0.8, slope ≈ 1.0), AE51(R 2 > 0.9, slope ≈ 0.9), and a stationary Aethalometer (AE33) across all wavelengths (R 2 > 0.8, slope ≈ 0.7). For MA200, the loading effect was more pronounced, especially at the lower wavelengths, hence the correction of the loading effect is essential to improve the correlation against the AE33. The MA200 and AE51 proved to be robust and dependable portable instruments for MM applications. Real-world quality assurance of these instruments should be performed through field IC against reference instruments with longer durations in areas of slowly changing eBC concentration.

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“…UFP induced inflammation, systemically and/or within the brain, has been shown to promote AD-related cognitive decline [29, 30] and pathology [31–33]. This makes understanding the possible effects of UFP exposure of growing importance, especially as it has the potential to exacerbate the growing burden of AD upon society [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective memory and behavioral alterations after ambient ultrafine particulate matter exposure in aged 3xTgAD Alzheimer’s disease mice

et al. 2019

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BackgroundA growing body of epidemiological literature indicates that particulate matter (PM) air pollution exposure is associated with elevated Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk and may exacerbate AD-related cognitive decline. Of concern is exposure to the ultrafine PM (UFP) fraction (≤100 nm), which deposits efficiently throughout the respiratory tract, has higher rates of translocation to secondary organs, like brain, and may induce inflammatory changes. We, therefore, hypothesize that exposure to UFPs will exacerbate cognitive deficits in a mouse model of AD. The present study assessed alterations in learning and memory behaviors in aged (12.5 months) male 3xTgAD and non-transgenic mice following a 2-week exposure (4-h/day, 4 days/week) to concentrated ambient UFPs using the Harvard ultrafine concentrated ambient particle system (HUCAPS) or filtered air. Beginning one month following exposure, locomotor activity, spatial learning and memory, short-term recognition memory, appetitive motivation, and olfactory discrimination were assessed.ResultsNo effects on locomotor activity were found following HUCAPS exposure (number concentration, 1 × 104–4.7 × 105 particles/cm3; mass concentration, 29–132 μg/m3). HUCAPS-exposed mice, independent of AD background, showed a significantly decreased spatial learning, mediated through reference memory deficits, as well as short-term memory deficits in novel object recognition testing. AD mice displayed diminished spatial working memory, potentially a result of olfactory deficits, and short-term memory. AD background modulated HUCAPS-induced changes on appetitive motivation and olfactory discrimination, specifically enhancing olfactory discrimination in NTg mice. Modeling variation in appetitive motivation as a covariate in spatial learning and memory, however, did not support the conclusion that differences in motivation significantly underlie changes in spatial learning and memory.ConclusionsA short-term inhalation exposure of aged mice to ambient UFPs at human-relevant concentrations resulted in protracted (testing spanning 1–6.5 months post-exposure) adverse effects on multiple memory domains (reference and short-term memory) independent of AD background. Impairments in learning and memory were present when accounting for potential covariates like motivational changes and locomotor activity. These results highlight the need for further research into the potential mechanisms underlying the cognitive effects of UFP exposure in adulthood.

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Respiratory tract deposition of inhaled roadside ultrafine refractory particles in a polluted megacity of South-East Asia

Cited by 26 publications

References 53 publications

Size-resolved composition and morphology of particulate matter during the southwest monsoon in Metro Manila, Philippines

Size-resolved composition and morphology of particulate matter during the southwest monsoon in Metro Manila, Philippines

Performance of microAethalometers: Real-world Field Intercomparisons from Multiple Mobile Measurement Campaigns in Different Atmospheric Environments

Selective memory and behavioral alterations after ambient ultrafine particulate matter exposure in aged 3xTgAD Alzheimer’s disease mice

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