Respiratory tract infection of fatal severe human bocavirus 1 in a 13-month-old child: A case report and literature review

Liao, Jing; Yang, Zhongying; He, Yu; Wei, Jianhua; Luo, Ren; Liu, Enmei; Zang, Na

doi:10.3389/fped.2022.949817

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, although most HBoV infections mostly have a benign course, the infected children (also the mono-infected cases) could have a severe disease course at a not-marginal rate, requiring PICU admission and invasive ventilation [ 20 , 21 , 81 ]. Of note, several children with a fatal outcome have also been described as having a single infection [ 71 , 75 , 76 , 77 ]. These findings support the hypothesis that HBoV may be a causative agent of severe RTIs and pneumonia and not a simple passenger.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liao et al reviewed 12 children with HBoV1-related severe respiratory infection admitted to the ICU, including a case described by himself [ 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ]. The diagnoses were respiratory failure (five cases), ARDS (five cases), bronchiolitis, atelectasis, and status asthma, suggesting that severe HBoV infection often leads to respiratory failure and ARDS [ 72 , 77 ]. Of note, five of them (45%) died [ 77 ].…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diagnoses were respiratory failure (five cases), ARDS (five cases), bronchiolitis, atelectasis, and status asthma, suggesting that severe HBoV infection often leads to respiratory failure and ARDS [ 72 , 77 ]. Of note, five of them (45%) died [ 77 ]. Other fatal cases have been described, such as a child with a mono-infection and pre-existing asthma in a Swedish cohort [ 5 ] and a 13-month-old child with myocarditis associated with HBoV2 [ 66 ].…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most administered medical therapy was bronchodilators (mostly β2-adrenergic agonists) followed by oxygen therapy given in more than half of cases [ 8 , 10 , 21 , 55 ]. Oxygen supplementation has been performed either with noninvasive ventilation (nasal cannula, high-flow nasal cannula, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, or face mask), or, more rarely, with invasive ventilation in PICU [ 8 , 10 , 21 , 77 ].…”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Bocavirus in Childhood: A True Respiratory Pathogen or a “Passenger” Virus? A Comprehensive Review

Trapani,

Caporizzi,

Ricci

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Recently, human bocavirus (HBoV) has appeared as an emerging pathogen, with an increasing number of cases reported worldwide. HBoV is mainly associated with upper and lower respiratory tract infections in adults and children. However, its role as a respiratory pathogen is still not fully understood. It has been reported both as a co-infectious agent (predominantly with respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza viruses, and adenovirus), and as an isolated viral pathogen during respiratory tract infections. It has also been found in asymptomatic subjects. The authors review the available literature on the epidemiology of HBoV, the underlying risk factors associated with infection, the virus’s transmission, and its pathogenicity as a single pathogen and in co-infections, as well as the current hypothesis about the host’s immune response. An update on different HBoV detection methods is provided, including the use of quantitative single or multiplex molecular methods (screening panels) on nasopharyngeal swabs or respiratory secretions, tissue biopsies, serum tests, and metagenomic next-generations sequencing in serum and respiratory secretions. The clinical features of infection, mainly regarding the respiratory tract but also, though rarely, the gastrointestinal one, are extensively described. Furthermore, a specific focus is dedicated to severe HBoV infections requiring hospitalization, oxygen therapy, and/or intensive care in the pediatric age; rare fatal cases have also been reported. Data on tissue viral persistence, reactivation, and reinfection are evaluated. A comparison of the clinical characteristics of single infection and viral or bacterial co-infections with high or low HBoV rates is carried out to establish the real burden of HBoV disease in the pediatric population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Human Bocavirus in Childhood: A True Respiratory Pathogen or a “Passenger” Virus? A Comprehensive Review

Trapani,

Caporizzi,

Ricci

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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“…Bovine parvovirus (BPV), canine minute virus (CMV), and HBoV are all members of the genus Bocavirus [71].…”

Section: Genotypes Of Hbovmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Human Metapneumovirus and Human Bocavirus Associated with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections

Narayanan

Nandagopal²,

Ramamurthy³

et al. 2023

AJRID

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One of the significant causes of morbidity and mortality among young children in developing nations is acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). It is also highly contagious, widely prevalent, and transmissible from person to person. It risks young children, the elderly, and those with immune system disorders. Acute respiratory infections are thought to cause 2.6 million child deaths annually worldwide, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) [1]. Infections in children with human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and bocavirus (HBoV) are linked to a high prevalence of ARTIs. It has been determined that hMPV is the second-leading cause of infant bronchiolitis, after the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. Although HBoV was first discovered in children's airways, the high detection rates of other viral pathogens and the discovery of HBoV in stool raise doubts about the virus's significance in respiratory tract infections. According to the published literature, only a few studies have identified ARTIs or demonstrated the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of ARTIs. This review article aims to thoroughly explain the aetiology, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic approaches, and management of hMPV and HBoV.

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B cell immune response to human bocaviruses

Karaaslan,

Wirz,

Tan

et al. 2024

Clin Experimental Allergy

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BackgroundHuman bocaviruses (HBoVs) have been demonstrated in respiratory and gastrointestinal infections; however, the immune response to them has not been studied in detail. In this study, we investigated the B cell immune responses to HBoV1 and HBoV2, representing two different species of bocaviruses in humans.MethodsWe analyzed the effects of stimulations with HBoV1 and 2 virus‐like particles (VLPs) and of co‐stimulation with HBoV1‐rhinovirus (RV) on cells of the immune system by flow cytometry, transcriptomics, and luminometric immune assays.ResultsHuman B cells, and particularly B regulatory cells (Breg cells), showed an increased immune response to HBoV1‐VLPs stimulation. These immune responses were also supported by increased IL‐1RA and PDL1 expressions in IL‐10+ B cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with HBoV1‐VLPs. In addition, increased levels of IL‐10 and IL‐1RA were determined in the supernatants of PBMCs following HBoV1‐VLPs stimulation. HBoV1‐VLPs and RV co‐stimulation increased the IL‐10+ B cell population. Transcriptome analysis by next‐generation RNA sequencing showed an increased expression of IL‐10 signalling and Breg cell markers in PBMCs stimulated with HBoV1‐VLPs. Furthermore, TGF‐β and chemoattractants MIP‐1α, MIP‐1β and IP10 protein levels were high in the supernatants of PBMCs stimulated with HBoV1‐VLPs.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate that in Breg cells, IL‐10 signalling pathways, and anti‐inflammatory activity are induced by HBoV1, which can explain the often mild nature of the disease. In addition, the immune regulatory response induced by HBoV1‐VLPs may indicate a potential immunomodulatory role of HBoV1 on the immune system and may represent an immune regulatory strategy.

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Respiratory tract infection of fatal severe human bocavirus 1 in a 13-month-old child: A case report and literature review

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Human Bocavirus in Childhood: A True Respiratory Pathogen or a “Passenger” Virus? A Comprehensive Review

Human Bocavirus in Childhood: A True Respiratory Pathogen or a “Passenger” Virus? A Comprehensive Review

A Review on Human Metapneumovirus and Human Bocavirus Associated with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections

B cell immune response to human bocaviruses

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