Respiratory viral infections and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis

Lim, Yuna; Kim, Ki-Jo; Park, Kyung-Su; Joo, Young Bin

doi:10.1186/s13075-019-1977-9

Cited by 110 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In a Korean study of 24,117 newly diagnosed RA patients, published before the discovery of SARS-CoV-2, an increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis after infection with other coronaviruses or influenza was reported. For an increase of 1% of coronavirus-infected patients, a 9.2% increase in the incidence of RA in the following months was observed, especially in women and older patients ( 107 ). Whether, there is direct molecular mimicry between coronavirus and host antigens or whether coronaviruses activate other, yet unclear mechanisms leading to chronic autoimmunity has to be investigated further.…”

Section: Does Sars-cov-2 Increase the Risk Of Developing A Rheumatic mentioning

confidence: 98%

Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Diseases and COVID-19 A Review of the First 6 Months of the Pandemic

et al. 2020

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In December 2019, a cluster of severe pneumonia was observed in China, with the subsequent discovery of a new beta-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) as the causative agent. The elicited disease COVID-19 is characterized by fever, dry cough, myalgia, or fatigue and has a favorable outcome in the majority of cases. However, in some patients COVID-19 leads to severe pneumonia and sepsis with subsequent respiratory failure and gastrointestinal, hematological, neurological, and cardiovascular complications. A higher risk of infection is intrinsic to active rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) and the use of biological disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). With an increasing number of reports on COVID-19 in RMD patients, we are beginning to appraise their risks. In this review, we summarize the published cases of COVID-19 infections in RMD patients, including patients with inflammatory arthritis and connective tissue diseases as well as anti-phospholipid syndrome and Kawasaki syndrome. Overall, patients with inflammatory arthritis do not seem to be at a higher risk for infection or a severe course of COVID-19. Risk for critical COVID-19 in patients with systemic inflammatory diseases such as SLE or vasculitis might be increased, but this needs further confirmation. Furthermore, we summarize the data on DMARDs used to fight SARS-CoV-2 infection and hyperinflammation.

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Section: Does Sars-cov-2 Increase the Risk Of Developing A Rheumatic mentioning

confidence: 98%

Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Diseases and COVID-19 A Review of the First 6 Months of the Pandemic

et al. 2020

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“…It has been also reported that respiratory viral infections increase the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To date, three viruses which increases the RA incidence significantly were identified, one of which is SARS-CoV-2 (Joo et al, 2019). The genes upregulated in RA pathway response to SARS-CoV-2 are provided in Supplementary Figure 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional response of signalling pathways to SARS-CoV-2 infection in normal human bronchial epithelial cells

Enes

Pir

2020

Preprint

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AcknowledgementsEnes Ak is funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) 116S388 and The Turkish Directorate of Health Institutes (TÜSEB) 2019-TA-01-3936. We thank O.Veli for the list of cytokines. Conflict of InterestWe declare no conflict of interest. 2 ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2 virus, the pathogen that causes Covid-19 disease, emerged in Wuhan region in China in 2019, infected more than 4M people and is responsible for death of at least 300K patients globally as of May 2020. Identification of the cellular response mechanisms to viral infection by SARS-CoV-2 may shed light on progress of the disease, indicate potential drug targets, and make design of new test methods possible.In this study, we analysed transcriptomic response of normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) to SARS-CoV-2 infection and compared the response to H1N1 infection. Comparison of transcriptome of NHBE cells 24 hours after mock-infection and SARS-CoV-2 infection demonstrated that most genes that respond to infection were upregulated (320 genes) rather than being downregulated (115 genes).While upregulated genes were enriched in signalling pathways related to virus response, downregulated genes are related to kidney development. We mapped the upregulated genes on KEGG pathways to identify the mechanisms that mediate the response. We identified canonical NFκB, TNF and IL-17 pathways to be significantly upregulated and to converge to NFκB pathway via positive feedback loops. Although virus entry protein ACE2 has low expression in NHBE cells, pathogen response pathways are strongly activated within 24 hours of infection.Our results also indicate that immune response system is activated at the early stage of the infection and orchestrated by a crosstalk of signalling pathways. Finally, we compared transcriptomic SARS-CoV-2 response to H1N1 response in NHBE cells to elucidate the virus specificity of the response and virus specific extracellular proteins expressed by NHBE cells.

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“…At the moment, no studies have investigated a potential relationship between respiratory viral infections and the development of OA, as described for parainfluenza and coronavirus and the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis. 30 Similarly, looking the other way round, there is no documented increased risk of respiratory infections for OA patients compared with the general population.…”

Section: Oa and Covid-19 Predisposing Comorbidities In Oa Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Osteoarthritis During the COVID‐19 Pandemic

Ragni

Mangiavini

Viganò

et al. 2020

Clin Pharma and Therapeutics

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The pandemic spread of the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection in China first, and all over the world at present, has become a global health emergency due to the rapidly increasing number of affected patients. Currently, a clear relationship between COVID‐19 infection incidence and/or complications due to chronic or occasional treatments for other pathologies is still not clear, albeit the COVID‐19 pandemic may condition the treatment strategy of complex disorders, such as osteoarthritis (OA). Importantly, OA is the most common age‐related joint disease, affecting more than 80% of people older than the age of 55, an age burden also shared with the highest severity in COVID‐19 patients. OA patients often show a large array of concomitant pathologies, such as diabetes, inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases that are again shared with COVID‐19 patients and may therefore increase complications. Moreover, different OA treatments, such as NSAIDs, paracetamol, corticosteroids, opioids, or other molecules have a wide array of iatrogenic effects, potentially increasing COVID‐19 secondary infection incidence or complications. In this review we critically analyze the evidence on either negative or positive effects of drugs commonly used to manage OA in this particular scenario. This would provide orthopedic surgeons in particular, and physicians, pharmacologists, and clinicians in general, a comprehensive description about the safety of the current pharmacological approaches and a decision‐making tool to treat their OA patients as the coronavirus pandemic continues.

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Respiratory viral infections and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis

Cited by 110 publications

References 33 publications

Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Diseases and COVID-19 A Review of the First 6 Months of the Pandemic

Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Diseases and COVID-19 A Review of the First 6 Months of the Pandemic

Transcriptional response of signalling pathways to SARS-CoV-2 infection in normal human bronchial epithelial cells

Management of Osteoarthritis During the COVID‐19 Pandemic

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