Respiratory viral infections in the elderly

Treanor, John J.; Falsey, Ann R.

doi:10.1016/s0166-3542(99)00062-5

Cited by 72 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 209 publications

(181 reference statements)

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“…The complications of influenza are more common in elderly and debilitated people and are considered a hazard to people with chronic lung disease (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease -COPD), heart disease (chronic heart failure), chronic metabolic disease (diabetes and other), immunodeficiency or immunosuppression, chronic kidney disease and hemoglobinopathies. Secondary bacterial pneumonias, especially those caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus sp and Haemophillus influenzae type B and non-typable, are among the most common pulmonary complications in elderly patients with influenza [12][13][14][15][16] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of influenza and adherence to the anti-flu vaccination among elderly

Nakamura

Mello

Silva

et al. 2012

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction:The flu, a condition that can affect the elderly by increasing the risk of serious complications can be prevented through vaccination. Estimate the prevalence of signs and symptoms suggestive of influenza in a group of elderly either vaccinated or unvaccinated against influenza was the objective this study. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study performed in a Brazilian City. A structured questionnaire was employed to identify the presence of signs and symptoms of influenza in individuals aged 60 years or over. For analysis of associations between variables the prevalence ratio (PR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used. Results: One hundred ninety-six participants were interviewed, of whom 57.7% were female. The average age was 69.7 years. About 25% of the vaccinated and 20% of the unvaccinated in 2009, and 25% of the vaccinated and 22.5% of the unvaccinated in 2010 reported having the flu. Among the vaccinated and unvaccinated in 2009 and 2010, there was no verified association between vaccination and influenza (PR=1.24; [95% CI: 0.63-2.43] and PR=1.11; [95% CI: 0.59-2.09], respectively). Conclusions: This study suggests that, among the elderly selected, the vaccination coverage for influenza is below the ideal, even with projection of the best indices for 2011 (~ 84%). The data on vaccination and disease protection needs further research; however, the results point to the need for measures to better clarify to this population about the disease, its complications and the benefits of vaccination, in addition to combatting the stigma related to low adherence.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of signs and symptoms of the disease was used to characterise the occurrence or not of flu 14,15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of influenza and adherence to the anti-flu vaccination among elderly

Nakamura

Mello

Silva

et al. 2012

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…RSV is also a significant etiologic agent in the elderly (17,18,42,65). In this population, RSV infection manifests as a flulike illness that can be misdiagnosed as influenza (39,46).…”

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confidence: 99%

Orally Active Fusion Inhibitor of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Cianci

Combrink

et al. 2004

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

128

116

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) belongs to the Pneumovirus genus of the Paramyxovirus virus family. RSV is the leading cause of virus-induced lower respiratory tract disease among infants and children (6,21,26) and is the most common pathogen found in children under 5 years of age admitted to the hospital. Essentially every child develops an RSV infection during the first 2 years of life, and recurrent infections are common (20,24,42,44). RSV is especially serious in premature infants and children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia or congenital heart disease. Additionally, in recent studies, RSV was the most common virus identified in the middle-ear fluid of children suffering from acute otitis media (25,43). RSV infection has also been implicated in the development of childhood asthma and other long-term conditions involving pulmonary dysfunction (54-56).

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“…HPIV3 is an important cause of lower respiratory tract infections in young children and is being increasingly recognized as a cause of serious lower respiratory tract infections in the immunocompromised and elderly (4,14,15,35).…”

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confidence: 99%

Roles of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Bases 13 to 78 in Replication and Transcription: Identification of an Additional Replication Promoter Element and Evidence for Internal Transcription Initiation

Hoffman

Thorson

Vickman

et al. 2006

J Virol

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The genomic promoter of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) contains multiple cis-elements controlling transcription and replication. Previous work showed that regions 1 to 12 and 79 to 96 were critical in promoting replication of an HPIV3 minireplicon, while the intergenic sequence and N gene start signal (IS/Ngs, bases 49 to 61) were important for transcription. Because these data were collected primarily using point mutations, not every base from position 1 to 96 was analyzed, and some important control elements may have been missed. To clarify the role of bases 13 to 78 in transcription and replication, a series of mutations were made which collectively scanned this entire region. Mutation of bases 13 to 28 resulted in markedly decreased HPIV3 minireplicon replication, indicating these bases constitute an additional cis-element involved in the synthesis of the HPIV3 antigenomic RNA. The position dependence of the IS/Ngs was also examined. Analysis of mutants in which the IS/Ngs was shifted 5 or 3 showed that this segment could be moved without significantly disrupting transcription initiation. Additional mutants which contained two successive IS/Ngs segments were created to test whether the polymerase accessed the gene start signal by proceeding along the template 3 to 5 or by binding internally at the gene start signal. Based on analysis of the double gene start mutants, we propose a model of internal transcription initiation in which the polymerase enters the template at approximately the location of the natural N gene start but then scans the template bidirectionally to find a gene start signal and initiate transcription.Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) is an enveloped, nonsegmented, negative-sense RNA virus within the Respirovirus genus of the subfamily Paramyxovirinae, family Paramyxoviridae, order Mononegavirales. HPIV3 is an important cause of lower respiratory tract infections in young children and is being increasingly recognized as a cause of serious lower respiratory tract infections in the immunocompromised and elderly (4,14,15,35).During replication of the mononegaviruses, the nucleocapsid (N) protein-encapsidated genomic and antigenomic RNAs serve as templates for the synthesis of cRNA. Specific factors affecting RNA replication vary among the different families and subfamilies of the Mononegavirales. For the Paramyxovirinae, which includes the Respirovirus (HPIV3 and Sendai virus [SeV]), Morbillivirus (measles virus), and Rubulavirus (simian virus 5 [SV5]) genera, these factors include a requirement for specific sequence elements at the 3Ј ends of the genome and antigenome, proper spacing between sequence elements, and adherence to the rule of six (20,39).The genomic and antigenomic promoters (the 3Ј ends of the genome and antigenome; GP and AGP, respectively) of all members of the Paramyxovirinae studied thus far contain two critical regions: conserved region I (CRI) and conserved region II (CRII) (16,22,24,26,33,34,38). Conserved region I is at the extreme 3Ј end of the genomic ...

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Respiratory viral infections in the elderly

Cited by 72 publications

References 209 publications

Prevalence of influenza and adherence to the anti-flu vaccination among elderly

Prevalence of influenza and adherence to the anti-flu vaccination among elderly

Orally Active Fusion Inhibitor of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Roles of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Bases 13 to 78 in Replication and Transcription: Identification of an Additional Replication Promoter Element and Evidence for Internal Transcription Initiation

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