Respiratory virus infections in cystic fibrosis

Wat, Dennis; Doull, Iolo

doi:10.1016/s1526-0542(03)00059-9

Cited by 48 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This could account for increased susceptibility to viral infection in some conditions characterized by chronic neutrophilic inflammation, such as heavy smoking or cystic fibrosis. Both of these conditions are known to be associated with reduced SP-D levels and increased risk of IAV infection (1,16,23,32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of neutrophils on antiviral activity of human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

White¹,

Tecle²,

Crouch³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

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Surfactant protein D (SP-D) and neutrophils participate in the early innate immune response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection. SP-D increases neutrophil uptake of IAV and modulates neutrophil respiratory burst responses to IAV; however, neutrophil proteases have been shown to degrade SP-D, and human neutrophil peptide defensins bind to SP-D and can cause precipitation of SP-D from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). BALF has significant antiviral activity against IAV. We first added neutrophils to BALF during incubation with IAV. Addition of neutrophils to BALF caused significantly greater clearance of IAV from culture supernatants than from BALF alone, and this effect was significantly more pronounced when neutrophils were activated during incubation with the virus. In contrast, if activated neutrophils were incubated with BALF before addition of virus, they reduced antiviral activity of BALF. This effect correlated with depletion of SP-D from BALF. Activation of neutrophils with agonists that induce primary granule release (including release of human neutrophil peptide defensins) caused SP-D depletion, but activation with PMA, which causes only secondary granule release, did not. The ability of activated neutrophils to deplete SP-D from BALF was partially, but not fully, corrected with protease inhibitors but was unaffected by inhibition of neutrophil respiratory burst responses. These results suggest that chronic neutrophilic inflammation (e.g., as in chronic smoking or cystic fibrosis) may reduce SP-D levels and predispose to IAV infection. In contrast, acute inflammation, as occurs in the early phase of IAV infection, may promote neutrophil-mediated viral clearance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of neutrophils on antiviral activity of human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

White¹,

Tecle²,

Crouch³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

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“…[8][9][10][13][14][15] Furthermore, nearly two-thirds of all initial infections with P aeruginosa have been found to occur during winter months, suggesting that winter respiratory virus season may affect pulmonary host defenses. 16 Although evidence of infl uenza and other respiratory virus infections has also been observed during pulmonary exacerbations, [17][18][19][20] studies to date have not addressed the role of respiratory viruses in the etiology of the exacerbations.…”

Section: Baseline Clinical Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further studies are underway to evaluate the risk of CF exacerbations in regions and times when infl uenza and RSV activity are not coincident, which may better distinguish their relative contribution to CF morbidity. Furthermore, although respiratory virus es have been isolated from individuals during pulmonary exacerbations, [17][18][19][20] further studies are needed to determine the causal link between laboratoryconfi rmed infl uenza infection and CF morbidity.…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza-Associated Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Exacerbations

Ortiz

Neuzil

Victor

et al. 2010

Chest

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A n estimated 30,000 people in the United States have cystic fi brosis (CF). 1 CF is an autosomal reces sive disease that affects multiple organ systems; however, respiratory complications account for nearly 85% of CF mortality. 1 Exacerbations of CF pulmonary disease are common and are characterized by cough, increased sputum production, dyspnea, decreased energy level and appetite, weight loss, and decreases in spirometric parameters. 2 Over the last 2 decades, the quality of life and median survival among persons with CF have improved substantially. 1 Nevertheless, increasing age in CF is associated with worsening nutritional status, declining lung function,

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“…Tissue culture and serology were previously used as the standard tools for screening for viral infections, but have disadvantages compared with modern molecular methods, including a lower sensitivity and greater delay before the result is available [7,8]. The prompt and accurate detection of a respiratory virus infection in patients with underlying lung disease is important for a number of reasons.…”

Section: To the Editorsmentioning

confidence: 99%