Respiratory Viruses and Asthma

Abstract

Asthma remains the most prevalent chronic respiratory disorder, affecting people of all ages. The relationship between respiratory virus infection and asthma has long been recognized, though remains incompletely understood. In this article, we will address key issues around this relationship. These will include the crucial role virus infection plays in early life, as a potential risk factor for the development of asthma and lung disease. We will assess the impact that virus infection has on those with established asthma as a trigger for acute disease and how this may influence asthma throughout life. Finally, we will explore the complex interaction that occurs between the airway and the immune responses that make those with asthma so susceptible to the effects of virus infection.

A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, single-centre, phase IV trial to assess the efficacy and safety of OM-85 in children suffering from recurrent respiratory tract infections

“…The clinical benefit of OM-85 was particularly marked in children at high risk of RTIs, as it was found that the number of patients who had suffered from ≥ 3 episodes of common cold or pharyngitis at the end of the study was approximately 50% among children given placebo and only 21% among those treated with OM-85. All these findings are similar to those that have been previously reported by Schaad et al [19], although in this study, the reduction of recurrences was greater than that found by these previous authors. In this study, recurrences in treated children were reduced by approximately 50% in comparison to those in untreated subjects, whereas reduction in the active-treatment group of the Schaad et al [19] study was limited to 16%.…”

“…All these findings are similar to those that have been previously reported by Schaad et al [19], although in this study, the reduction of recurrences was greater than that found by these previous authors. In this study, recurrences in treated children were reduced by approximately 50% in comparison to those in untreated subjects, whereas reduction in the active-treatment group of the Schaad et al [19] study was limited to 16%. Differences in the characteristics of the enrolled patients, monitoring of infections, and duration of the study period may explain the different results.…”

A Pathophysiological Perspective on COVID-19's Lethal Complication: From Viremia to Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis-like Immune Dysregulation

“…Besides HP, shared immune activity between infection and other allergic airway inflammation is well established. Asthma induction in children is strongly linked to hypersensitivity response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), while in older individuals, asthma may be connected to rhinovirus [ 36 37 ]. Virulent pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) is not well cleared by eosinophils and may actually better represent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by RSV infection in humans [ 38 ].…”

Using Inhaled Corticosteroids in Children with Bronchial Obstruction and Respiratory Viral Infections

“…Респираторно-синцитиальный вирус (RSV) играет важную роль в возникновении острого бронхиолита у детей первых месяцев жизни. У детей старше 3 лет в 10-40% случаев острый обструктивный бронхит вызван Mycoplasma pneumoniaе, а в 27-58% -Chlamydophila pneumoniae [4].…”

“…Однако повторяющиеся эпизоды БО могут быть начальными проявлениями БА, и вирусные инфекции являются ведущими триггерами обострений заболевания [4,8]. В этих ситуациях требуются пристальное динамическое наблюдение и консультации специалиста (аллерголога/пульмонолога).…”