Respon Morfologi dan Fisiologi Genotipe Terung (Solanum melongena L.) terhadap Cekaman Salinitas

Abstract

Cultivation of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) needs fertile soils to optimize the yield,however since the fertile land become limited, cultivation of eggplant needs to utilize sub optimal landssuch as salin soils. The objective of the research was to analyze morphological and physiologicalresponses of six eggplant genotypes (collection of the Center for Tropical Horticulture Studies), todetermine the tolerance of genotypes to salinity stress to be used as tolerant parents in eggplantbreeding program. The research was a factorial experiment. It was designed as randomized blockdesign with two factors, which were genotype factor (6 genotypes) and salinity factor (0, 2-4, 5-7, 8-10 mS cm-1) with 5 replications. The research was conducted in greenhouse using pot. Themorphological evaluation included shoot length, number of leaves, fruit weight, number of branches,shoot biomass, root biomass, and the physiological characters included photosynthesis rate,transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, CO2 intercelluler, leaf relative water contents, and prolineaccumulation. The results showed that salinity stress decreased all morphological as well asphysiological characters in all genotypes, except for proline accumulation that showed increase asthe salinity increase. Based on the stress susceptivility index (SSI), there was no eggplant genotypesclassified as tolerant to salinity. However, there were two eggplant genotypes, i.e., number 061 and072, classified as moderat genotypes to salinity stress.Keywords: proline, sensitive, stress susceptibility index, tolerantABSTRAKBudidaya terung (Solanum melongena L.) membutuhkan tanah yang subur untukmengoptimalkan hasil panen, namun karena lahan subur menjadi terbatas, maka dalam budidayaterung memerlukan pemanfaatan lahan suboptimal seperti tanah yang bersifat salin. Tujuan penelitianini ialah untuk menganalisis respon morfologi dan fisiologi enam genotipe terung, yang merupakanterung hasil koleksi Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika, untuk menentukan toleransi genotipe terhadapcekaman salinitas yang akan digunakan sebagai tetua toleran pada program pemuliaan tanaman terung.Penelitian ini merupakan percobaan faktorial yang dirancang menggunakan rancangan acak kelompokyang terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu faktor genotipe dengan 6 genotipe dan faktor perlakuan salinitas(NaCl) yang terdiri atas 4 taraf yaitu 0-1, 2-4, 5-7, 8-10 mS cm-1) dan diulang sebanyak 5 kali.Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca sebagai percobaan pot. Karakter morfologi yang diamati adalahtinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, bobot buah, jumlah cabang, bobot basah tajuk, bobot basah akar,sedangkan karakter fisiologis adalah laju fotosintesis, laju transpirasi, konduktansi stomata, CO2interselular, kandungan air relatif daun, dan akumulasi prolin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwacekaman salinitas menurunkan semua karakter morfologi dan fisiologis pada semua genotipe, kecualiakumulasi prolin yang menunjukkan peningkatan seiring meningkatnya cekaman salinitas.Berdasarkan indeks kepekaan cekaman (SSI), tidak ada genotipe terung yang tergolong toleranterhadap salinitas. Namun, ada dua genotipe terung, yaitu: 061 dan 072, tergolong genotipe moderatterhadap cekaman salinitas.Kata kunci: indeks kepekaan cekaman, proline, sensitif, toleran

Growth and Yield of Green Eggplant Applied to Various Compositions of Growing Media

“…The high temperatures affect the occurrence of evapotranspiration so that the water in plants and soil will decrease (Solankey et al, 2014). Lack of water in the generative phase of plants causes a decrease in photosynthesis when it is channeled into fruit formation which results in not optimal fruit formation (Nasrulloh et al, 2016;Sobir et al, 2018). Improvement of growing media for green eggplant needs to be supported by availability of water and temperature conditions on the field.…”