Responding to Adverse Situations Within Exchange Relationships

Abstract

When faced with adverse situations in exchange relationships, the people involved are required to respond. Response strategies are reactions to such adverse situations and represent cognitive schemata organized in an integrated structure forming a mental map. Extant response strategy research implicitly assumes that the content and internal structure of response strategies is universal, but with few exceptions, it fails to assess cross-cultural validity, a necessary step to investigate potential cultural variations in response strategy preferences. This study has investigated the cross-cultural validity of a circumplex model in the Netherlands, Switzerland, Turkey, and Japan. The seven response strategies examined attained measurement equivalence, and six were organized in an equivalent circumplex structure in all four countries. The findings also revealed cross-cultural differences in people's preference to use response strategies. This study therefore contributes to the cross-cultural psychology literature by demonstrating that response strategy content and structure are nearly universal, whereas preferences for using response strategies vary across cultures.

Energy, Popularity, and the Circumplex

“…Finally, the database of music analyzed was limited to that which had enjoyed popularity in the United Kingdom, such that the present findings cannot speak to music and emotion in other cultures. However, although the findings concerning genre and mood would likely differ cross-culturally, we are optimistic that future research concerning energy and mood in even radically different cultures to those investigated here would yield similar findings, given that Russell (1983) found evidence supporting the circumplex among native speakers of Gujurati, Croatian, Japanese, and Chinese; Russell, Lewicka, and Niit (1989) found evidence confirming the circumplex model among Chinese participants; and Furrer, Tjemkes, Aydinlik, and Adolfs (2012) found similar results in Japan.…”

A Model of Response Strategies in Strategic Alliances: A PLS Analysis of a Circumplex Structure

“…The circumplex structure of response strategies Building on the passiveeactive and constructiveedestructive two-dimensional space, Furrer et al (2012) empirically demonstrated that a circumplex structure best represents the interrelationships among response strategies. A circumplex structure organizes response strategies along the circumference of a circle on the basis of the degree of compatibility and incompatibility (Fabrigar et al, 1997).…”

“…This discrepancy between theory and empirical findings could be attributed to a misconceptualization of response strategies as independent from one another. Furrer et al (2012) thus suggest that response strategies should be conceptualized as a circumplex structure rather than discrete responses. Whereas a circumplex structure, akin to a discrete model, builds on a two-dimensional space, it also stipulates the order of response strategies along the circumference of a circle on the basis of their degree of compatibility (Fabrigar et al, 1997).…”

Crossing Cultures: Guides and Models for Development, Selection, and Application

“…Effective influence through leaders -global or otherwise -is characterized by ambiguously complex interrelated relationships, communications, values, missions, motivations, and visions (Gundling, 2003;Kupka & Cathro, 2007;Lee, 2005Lee, , 2009Lee & Sukoco, 2008;Service & Arnott, 2006). This complexity shows when one views the varied constituents commanding attention with their all-too-often mutually exclusive desires (Furrer, Tjemkes, Aydinlik, & Adolfs, 2012;Takeuchi, 2010;Takeuchi, Yun, & Tesluk, 2002). It seems "unconscious processes are better when everything is ambiguous [p. 243]… [Acquire] a set of practical skills that enable [you] to anticipate change" (Brooks, 2011, p. 249).…”