Response and resilience of carbon nanotube micropillars to shear flow

Abstract

Interactions between carbon nanotubes and fluid flows are central to the operation of several emerging nanotechnologies. In this paper, we explore the fluid-structure interaction of carbon nanotube micropillars in wall-bounded shear flows, relevant to recently developed microscale wall shear stress sensors. We monitor the deformation of carbon nanotube micropillars in channel flow as the flow rate and wall shear stress are gradually varied. We quantify how the micropillars bend at low wall shear stress, and then will commonly tilt abruptly from their base above a threshold wall shear stress, which is attributed to the lower density of the micropillars in this region. Some micropillars are observed to flutter rapidly between a vertical and horizontal position around this threshold wall shear stress, before settling to a tilted position as wall shear stress increases further. Tilted micropillars are found to kink sharply near their base, similar to the observed buckling near the base of carbon nanotube micropillars in compression. Upon reducing the flow rate, micropillars are found to fully recover from a near horizontal position to a near vertical position, even with repeated on-off cycling. At sufficiently high wall shear stress, the micropillars were found to detach at the catalyst particle-substrate interface. The mechanical response of carbon nanotube micropillars in airflow revealed by this study provides a basis for future development efforts and the accurate simulation of carbon nanotube micropillar wall shear stress sensors.