Response behavior of antibiotic resistance genes to zinc oxide nanoparticles in cattle manure thermophilic anaerobic digestion process: A metagenomic analysis

An overview of the occurrence, impact of process parameters, and the fate of antibiotic resistance genes during anaerobic digestion processes

“…Aminoglycoside and MLSB resistance genes were higher at 125 mg/L and sulfonamide resistance genes were higher at 1250 mg/L. Interestingly, Pang et al ( 2022 ) reported that while zinc nanoparticles (5 mg/g TS) increased the diversity of ARGs in AD of cattle manure, it reduced the total abundance of ARGs by 6.6%. Additionally, microbial chemotaxis decreased by 17% indicating that ARG transmission through microbial adaptability decreased in the presence of zinc nanoparticles.…”

Effects of micron-scale zero valent iron on behaviors of antibiotic resistance genes and pathogens in thermophilic anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge

“…Then clean reads for each sample were assembled into contigs (the minimum contig length ≥ 300 bp) using MEGAHIT (https://github.com/voutcn/megahit) with default settings. Open reading frames (ORFs) within contigs were subsequently predicted using MetaGene (http://metagene.cb.k.utokyo.ac.jp/) (Pang et al, 2022), and genes with nucleic acid length ≥100 bp were selected and translated into amino acid sequences. Details about the assembly and prediction of ORFs are presented (see supplementary material).…”

“…Of the 95 potential pathogenic hosts, the majority belonged to 35 genera within the phylum Proteobacteria (49 species) and 6 genera within the phylum Firmicutes (20 species), both of which were also reported as potential hosts for ARGs (Pang et al, 2022), and acted as opportunistic pathogens (Jang et al, 2019;Lin et al, 2022). Besides, these two phyla play a vital role in hydrolytic acidification as the core community (Zhao et al, 2022).…”

“…Many reports have also demonstrated that the microbial community and physicochemical properties of WAS can vary and shift the behavior of ARGs and their hosts during anaerobic digestion (AD). These shifts are often triggered by the changes in AD conditions, such as temperature (Xu et al, 2020), or the presence of exogenous substances (Jang & Kan, 2022;Pang et al, 2022), which are commonly applied to enhance the performance of TAD. Therefore, there is a risk that ARGs and their hosts would be affected by these TAD enhancers, but this has been barely studied until now.…”