Response: Commentary: Consumer Reports of “Keto Flu” Associated With the Ketogenic Diet

Bostock, Emmanuelle C. S.; Kirkby, Kenneth C.; Taylor, Bruce; Hawrelak, Jason

doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.575713

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Therefore, an adequate long-term KD should also include appropriate vitamin supplementation. Finally, Bostock et al described the potential adverse effects of self-administered KD from users of online forums: increased LDL-cholesterol levels, headache, fatigue, nausea, dizziness, digestive symptoms, and heart palpitations ( 42 ). Longer-term effects may lead to anemia, low bone mineral density, nephrolithiasis or cardiomyopathy ( 36 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Safety of Ketone Supplementation or Ketogenic Diets for Alzheimer's Disease: A Mini Review

et al. 2022

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent age-related neurodegenerative disorder, with no curative treatment available so far. Alongside the brain deposition of β-amyloid peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau, neuroinflammation triggered by the innate immune response in the central nervous system, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of AD. Glucose usually represents the main fuel for the brain. Glucose metabolism has been related to neuroinflammation, but also with AD lesions. Hyperglycemia promotes oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Insulinoresistance (e.g., in type 2 diabetes) or low IGF-1 levels are associated with increased β-amyloid production. However, in the absence of glucose, the brain may use another fuel: ketone bodies (KB) produced by oxidation of fatty acids. Over the last decade, ketogenic interventions i.e., ketogenic diets (KD) with very low carbohydrate intake or ketogenic supplementation (KS) based on medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) consumption, have been studied in AD animal models, as well as in AD patients. These interventional studies reported interesting clinical improvements in animals and decrease in neuroinflammation, β-amyloid and tau accumulation. In clinical studies, KS and KD were associated with better cognition, but also improved brain metabolism and AD biomarkers. This review summarizes the available evidence regarding KS/KD as therapeutic options for individuals with AD. We also discuss the current issues and potential adverse effects associated with these nutritional interventions. Finally, we propose an overview of ongoing and future registered trials in this promising field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Safety of Ketone Supplementation or Ketogenic Diets for Alzheimer's Disease: A Mini Review

et al. 2022

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“…The time needed for the body to enter ketosis also varies for different groups and the reasons are unclear. In addition, a transition to ketosis is often associated with flu-like symptoms (keto flu) (426), which may interfere with the innate immune response to the virus. Hence, reducing glucose in the diet may be an interesting approach as a potential preventive measure to reduce the risk of developing severe symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Machine-Generated View of the Role of Blood Glucose Levels in the Severity of COVID-19

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Lorin

Favreau

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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“…A study of 300 users of online forums found that self-administered ketogenic diets may be accompanied by a temporary cluster of symptoms frequently termed "keto flu, " which includes headache, fatigue, nausea, dizziness, "brain fog, " gastrointestinal discomfort, decreased energy, feeling faint, and heartbeat alterations (119). In endurance athletes, 3.5 weeks on a ketogenic diet led to unfavorable effects on markers of bone modeling and remodeling (120).…”

Section: Adverse Effects Of Ketogentic Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketogenic Diets and Chronic Disease: Weighing the Benefits Against the Risks

et al. 2021

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Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets have been long been used to reduce seizure frequency and more recently have been promoted for a variety of health conditions, including obesity, diabetes, and liver disease. Ketogenic diets may provide short-term improvement and aid in symptom management for some chronic diseases. Such diets affect diet quality, typically increasing intake of foods linked to chronic disease risk and decreasing intake of foods found to be protective in epidemiological studies. This review examines the effects of ketogenic diets on common chronic diseases, as well as their impact on diet quality and possible risks associated with their use. Given often-temporary improvements, unfavorable effects on dietary intake, and inadequate data demonstrating long-term safety, for most individuals, the risks of ketogenic diets may outweigh the benefits.

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Response: Commentary: Consumer Reports of “Keto Flu” Associated With the Ketogenic Diet

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Efficacy and Safety of Ketone Supplementation or Ketogenic Diets for Alzheimer's Disease: A Mini Review

Efficacy and Safety of Ketone Supplementation or Ketogenic Diets for Alzheimer's Disease: A Mini Review

A Machine-Generated View of the Role of Blood Glucose Levels in the Severity of COVID-19

Ketogenic Diets and Chronic Disease: Weighing the Benefits Against the Risks

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