Response Differences Between Two Soybean Cultivars With Contrasting Uv‐b Radiation Sensitivities

Murali, N. S.; Teramura, Alan H.; Randall, Stephen K.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1988.tb02877.x

Cited by 79 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…An increase in leaf thickness as a response to u.v. radiation has been documented previously (Murali & Teramura, 1986;Murali, Teramura & Randall, 1988;Cen & Bornman, 1990Bornman & Vogelmann, 1991), as well as a decrease (Staxen & Bornman, 1994).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A three‐dimensional representation of the relationship between penetration of u.v.‐B radiation and u.v.‐screening pigments in leaves of Brassica napus

1995

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SUMMARYA three-dimensional (3-D) representation of the penetration of u.v.-B (280-320 nm) radiation using fibre-optic microprobes, and of the spectrophotometric analysis of u.v.-screening pigments in leaves of Bras.ii.ca napus L. cv. Ceres is presented. In this way the results from radiation measurements were directly related to the distribution of u.v.-screening pigments. Brassica napus was grown in a greenhouse chamber with a photon flux density of 740 /imo\ m"^ s"^ photosynthetically active radiation (400-700 nm) with or without the addition of u.v.-B radiation. The amount of u.v-B added was equi\-alent to 9 kj m"' d"' biologically effective u.v.-B. Growth parameters measured included leaf thickness and dry weight. Ultraviolet-B radiation stimulated the accumulation of increased amounts of screening pigments, located mostly beneath the adaxial surface of tbe leaf, l^eaf dry weight decreased by 15 "o in u.v.-treated plants and, on a dry weight basis, chlorophyll content increased by 19 "o in treated leaves. The chlorophyll profiles within leaves from both control and u.v.-treated plants showed an increase from the adaxial surface to a plateau in the middle of the leaf, at a leaf depth of c. 150-320/im. Relatively large amounts of 285 nm radiation penetrated into leaves of u.v.-B treated plants to sites located within the initial 40 //m of the leaf. Thus, despite the presence of additional screening pigments, u.v.-B radiation was capable of reaching potential targets within the epidermis and mesophyll.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A three‐dimensional representation of the relationship between penetration of u.v.‐B radiation and u.v.‐screening pigments in leaves of Brassica napus

1995

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“…It is also possible that measures of only total activities of enzymes may not adequately reflect UV-induced compartment-specific changes or enzyme alterations that do not change total activity. For example, UV-B could differently regulate enzyme isoforms as reported for POD (Murali et al, 1988) The non-enzymatic defense system consists of low molecular weight antioxidants such as proline, ascorbate, glutathione, α-tocopherol, and carotenoids (Larson, 1988 Rao and Ormord, 1995). However, in maize seedling, UV-B exposure had no effect on the AsA content (Carletti et al, 2003).…”

Section: The Antioxidant Defense Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intraspecific differences in the composition and concentration of flavonoids have been found among five cultivars of Cucumis sativus (Murali and Teramura, 1986) and in two cultivars of soybean (Murali et al, 1988), 20 cultivars of wheat , 10 soybean cultivars (Feng et al, 2001), and 20 soybean cultivars (Li et al, 2002). Screening of the total flavonoid contents in 20 Chinese soybean cultivars in a field study using UV-B lamps revealed that seven cultivars had increased total flavonoid levels while five showed decreased levels, and no changes were observed in eight cultivars (Zu et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Crop Responses to Enhanced Uv-B Radiation

Li¹

2016

Appl Ecol Env Res

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The increased ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (280-320 nm) on the Earth's surface is one of the most important concerns of global change. This concern is primarily because increased UV-B radiation has been unambiguously shown to be responsible for the majority of harmful effects on aquatic as well as terrestrial organisms, and thus influence ecological interactions. For the past 4 plus decades, many studies have been conducted on the damaging effects of elevated UV-B radiation on plants. These studies have shown a diverse range of responses to UV-B radiation, and might be in general arbitrarily divided into two classes, photomorphogenic and stress responses at the morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular levels. Crop plants evolved different adaptive or defensive mechanisms to UV-B radiation, including accumulation of UV-absorbing sunscreens, production of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, changes of phytohormones or activation of DNA-repairing enzymes. A diagram illustrating the general responses of UV-B radiation and complexity of the interactions among factors was developed. Three urgent specific researches are proposed, which might provide opportunities for genetic engineering and possibility of breeding to deal with potential crop yield reductions due to elevated UV-B in agricultural systems, and thus will play a major role in determining the crops future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the course of evolution, natural selection led to the development of species capable of tolerating a higher UV-B level in locations where this was an ecological advantage. Many authors have investigated the effect of increased UV-B radiation on the morphological, ultrastructural, photochemical, biochemical and physiological parameters of various crops under field and greenhouse conditions, including peas (Strid et al, 1990), wheat (Teramura, 1980), soya (Teramura and Caldwell, 1981;Murali et al, 1988;Kramer et al, 1992), sugar beet (Bornman et al, 1983), turnip rape (Demchik and Day, 1996), beans (Cen and Bornman, 1990) and marrow (Sisson, 1981).Very few papers are to be found, however, in which the experimental plant is maize, one of the world's most important crops. Investigations on the effect of increased UV-B radiation were reported by Hart et al (1975) and Santos et al (1998) on the duration of maize flowering, Pfahler (1981) on the germination ability of pollen and the growth of the pollen tube, Vu et al (1982) and Santos et al (1990) on the accumulation of carbohydrates, and Basiouny et al (1978) and Santos et al (1993) on the quantities of leaf chlorophyll and total soluble protein.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of increased UV-B radiation on the anthocyanin content of maize ( Zea mays L.) leaves

Pintér

Kósa

Hadi

et al. 2007

Acta Agronomica Hungarica

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The level of UV-B radiation reaching the surface of the earth is increasing due to the thinning of the ozone layer in the stratosphere over recent decades. This has numerous negative effects on living organisms.Some of the Hungarian inbred maize lines examined under the climatic conditions in Chile exhibited an unusually high proportion of pollen mortality, flowering asynchrony and barrenness. The evidence suggests that this can be attributed to the approx. 30% greater UV-B radiation in Chile.The investigation of this problem within the framework of abiotic stress breeding programmes is extremely important in the light of the global rise in UV-B radiation, which may make it necessary to elaborate a selection programme to develop inbred lines with better tolerance of this type of radiation.In the course of the experiment the same ten inbred lines, having different maturity dates and genetic backgrounds, were tested for five years in Chile and Hungary. The tests focussed on anthocyanin, a flavonoid derivative involved in the absorption of damaging UV-B radiation.Averaged over years and varieties, the total anthocyanin content in the leaf samples was significantly higher in Chile than in Hungary. This was presumably a response at the metabolic level to the negative stress represented by higher UV-B radiation.In the five early-maturing flint lines the anthocyanin contents were more than 45% greater than those recorded in Hungary. This suggests that these genotypes, originating from northern regions, were not sufficiently adapted to the higher radiation level. In these samples higher UV-B caused a sharp rise in the quantity of anthocyanin, which absorbs the dangerous radiation. In late-maturing genotypes the initial content of the protective compound anthocyanin was higher at both locations, so in these types the high radiation level was not a problem and did not cause any substantial change.Similar conclusions were drawn from the results of fluorescence imaging. The F440/F690 ratio indicative of the stress level was higher in late lines with a high anthocyanin content, good tolerance and good adaptability.Key words: Zea mays L., inbred line, ultraviolet-B radiation, flavone, anthocyanin, stress acclimation, fluorescence imaging J. PINTÉR et al. Hungarica, 55, 2007 8 Acta Agronomica IntroductionOne negative consequence of global climate change is the thinning of the ozone layer in the stratosphere, which functions as a shield against dangerous radiation. This has been caused in part by human activities, especially by the ozone-antagonistic gases emitted by heavy industry (Anderson et al., 1991;McFarland and Kaye, 1992;McKenzie et al., 1999;Reddy and Hodges, 2000).A decrease of 1% in the ozone level may result in a 1.3-1.8% rise in the UV-B radiation (280-320 nm), the most biologically active form of ultraviolet radiation, with the most damaging effect on living organisms (Madronich, 1993). Naturally, the level of dangerous radiation depends on many factors, such as the latitude and altitude of the given location, ...

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Response Differences Between Two Soybean Cultivars With Contrasting Uv‐b Radiation Sensitivities

Cited by 79 publications

References 22 publications

A three‐dimensional representation of the relationship between penetration of u.v.‐B radiation and u.v.‐screening pigments in leaves of Brassica napus

A three‐dimensional representation of the relationship between penetration of u.v.‐B radiation and u.v.‐screening pigments in leaves of Brassica napus

Advances in Crop Responses to Enhanced Uv-B Radiation

Effect of increased UV-B radiation on the anthocyanin content of maize ( Zea mays L.) leaves

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