Response of Amorpha fruticosa seedlings to drought and rewatering in arid and semi-arid environment

Feng, Shizhe; Sikdar, Ashim; Memon, Mehrunisa; Li, Boyuan; Ma, Huifang; Lv, Guoli

doi:10.30848/pjb2021-2(22)

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The increase in osmolyte leakage with increase in drought intensity indicates that higher membrane damage was caused to P. kingianum leaves [ 36 ]. The overall increase in relative water content, shoot fresh weight, and chlorophyll content, and decrease in electrolyte leakage in P. kingianum plants is indicative of the fact that rewatering helps the plants to recover from drought effects to some extent [ 37 ]. Based on these observations, it could be concluded that drought stress significantly hampers growth and development of P. kingianum plants and rewatering after severe drought could help the plants in recovery to some extent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic responses to drought stress in Polygonatum kingianum tuber

Qian

Cong

et al. 2021

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. is an important plant in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The extracts from its tubers are rich in polysaccharides and other metabolites such as saponins. It is a well-known concept that growing medicinal plants in semi-arid (or drought stress) increases their natural compounds concentrations. This study was conducted to explore the morpho-physiological responses of P. kingianum plants and transcriptomic signatures of P. kingianum tubers exposed to mild, moderate, and severe drought and rewatering. Results The stress effects on the morpho-physiological parameters were dependent on the intensity of the drought stress. The leaf area, relative water content, chlorophyll content, and shoot fresh weight decreased whereas electrolyte leakage increased with increase in drought stress intensity. A total of 53,081 unigenes were obtained; 59% of which were annotated. We observed that 1352 and 350 core genes were differentially expressed in drought and rewatering, respectively. Drought stress driven differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and stilbenoid diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis, and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways. Pathways such as plant-pathogen interaction and galactose metabolism were differentially regulated between severe drought and rewatering. Drought reduced the expression of lignin, gingerol, and flavonoid biosynthesis related genes and rewatering recovered the tubers from stress by increasing the expression of the genes. Increased expression of carotenoid biosynthesis pathway related genes under drought suggested their important role in stress endurance. An increase in starch and sucrose biosynthesis was evident from transcriptomic changes under drought stress. Rewatering recovered the drought affected tubers as evident from the contrasting expression profiles of genes related to these pathways. P. kingianum tuber experiences an increased biosynthesis of sucrose, starch, and carotenoid under drought stress. Drought decreases the flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, gingerol, and lignin biosynthesis. These changes can be reversed by rewatering the P. kingianum plants. Conclusions These results provide a transcriptome resource for P. kingianum and expands the knowledge on the effect of drought and rewatering on important pathways. This study also provides a large number of candidate genes that could be manipulated for drought stress tolerance and managing the polysaccharide and secondary metabolites’ contents in P. kingianum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic responses to drought stress in Polygonatum kingianum tuber

Qian

Cong

et al. 2021

BMC Plant Biol

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“…Drought is characterized as a prolonged period of dry weather in which an area receives less rain than usual, and it is a critical problem in many parts of the world for promoting plant growth and growing productivity [5]. Many factors contribute to water scarcity, including lack of rainfall capability, erratic distribution of rainfall, severity and length of drought, and stress progression rate [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought Stress in Grain Legumes: Effects, Tolerance Mechanisms and Management

et al. 2021

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Grain legumes are important sources of proteins, essential micronutrients and vitamins and for human nutrition. Climate change, including drought, is a severe threat to grain legume production throughout the world. In this review, the morpho-physiological, physio-biochemical and molecular levels of drought stress in legumes are described. Moreover, different tolerance mechanisms, such as the morphological, physio-biochemical and molecular mechanisms of legumes, are also reviewed. Moreover, various management approaches for mitigating the drought stress effects in grain legumes are assessed. Reduced leaf area, shoot and root growth, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, CO2 influx, nutrient uptake and translocation, and water-use efficiency (WUE) ultimately affect legume yields. The yield loss of grain legumes varies from species to species, even variety to variety within a species, depending upon the severity of drought stress and several other factors, such as phenology, soil textures and agro-climatic conditions. Closure of stomata leads to an increase in leaf temperature by reducing the transpiration rate, and, so, the legume plant faces another stress under drought stress. The biosynthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the most detrimental effect of drought stress. Legumes can adapt to the drought stress by changing their morphology, physiology and molecular mechanism. Improved root system architecture (RSA), reduced number and size of leaves, stress-induced phytohormone, stomatal closure, antioxidant defense system, solute accumulation (e.g., proline) and altered gene expression play a crucial role in drought tolerance. Several agronomic, breeding both conventional and molecular, biotechnological approaches are used as management practices for developing a drought-tolerant legume without affecting crop yield. Exogenous application of plant-growth regulators (PGRs), osmoprotectants and inoculation by Rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promotes drought tolerance in legumes. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs), genomic selection (GS), marker-assisted selection (MAS), OMICS-based technology and CRISPR/Cas9 make the breeding work easy and save time in the developmental cycle to get resistant legumes. Several drought-resistant grain legumes, such as the chickpea, faba bean, common bean and pigeon pea, were developed by different institutions. Drought-tolerant transgenic legumes, for example, chickpeas, are developed by introgressing desired genes through breeding and biotechnological approaches. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs), candidate genes occupying drought-tolerant traits, are identified from a variety of grain legumes, but not all are under proper implementation. Hence, more research should be conducted to improve the drought-tolerant traits of grain legumes for avoiding losses during drought.

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“…Agriculture water demand will be double in 2050, so the accessible fresh water is expected to drop by 50%, because of climatic changes [ 1 ]. A growing challenge for the turf grasses growing in arid or semi-arid zones is inadequate water availability for basic irrigation [ 2 ]. Improper irrigation called drought stress causes, intercellular and intracellular water loss which limits turfgrass growth and development [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the changes in growth, photosynthetic traits and gene expression in Cynodon dactylon against drought stress

Noor,

Fan,

Kaleem

et al. 2024

BMC Plant Biol

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Drought stress considered a key restrictive factor for a warm-season bermudagrass growth during summers in China. Genotypic variation against drought stress exists among bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.), but the selection of highly drought-tolerant germplasm is important for its growth in limited water regions and for future breeding. Our study aimed to investigate the most tolerant bermudagrass germplasm among thirteen, along latitude and longitudinal gradient under a well-watered and drought stress condition. Current study included high drought-resistant germplasm, “Tianshui” and “Linxiang”, and drought-sensitive cultivars; “Zhengzhou” and “Cixian” under drought treatments along longitude and latitudinal gradients, respectively. Under water deficit conditions, the tolerant genotypes showed over-expression of a dehydrin gene cdDHN4, antioxidant genes Cu/ZnSOD and APX which leads to higher antioxidant activities to scavenge the excessive reactive oxygen species and minimizing the membrane damage. It helps in maintenance of cell membrane permeability and osmotic adjustment by producing organic osmolytes. Proline an osmolyte has the ability to keep osmotic water potential and water use efficiency high via stomatal conductance and maintain transpiration rate. It leads to optimum CO2 assimilation rate, high chlorophyll contents for photosynthesis and elongation of leaf mesophyll, palisade and thick spongy cells. Consequently, it results in elongation of leaf length, stolon and internode length; plant height and deep rooting system. The CdDHN4 gene highly expressed in “Tianshui” and “Youxian”, Cu/ZnSOD gene in “Tianshui” and “Linxiang” and APX gene in “Shanxian” and “Linxiang”. The genotypes “Zhongshan” and “Xiaochang” showed no gene expression under water deficit conditions. Our results indicate that turfgrass show morphological modifications firstly when subjected to drought stress; however the gene expression is directly associated and crucial for drought tolerance in bermudagrass. Hence, current research has provided excellent germplasm of drought tolerant bermudagrass for physiological and molecular study and future breeding.

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Response of Amorpha fruticosa seedlings to drought and rewatering in arid and semi-arid environment

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Transcriptomic responses to drought stress in Polygonatum kingianum tuber

Transcriptomic responses to drought stress in Polygonatum kingianum tuber

Drought Stress in Grain Legumes: Effects, Tolerance Mechanisms and Management

Assessment of the changes in growth, photosynthetic traits and gene expression in Cynodon dactylon against drought stress

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